为ubuntu配置WiFi

1.前提条件

ubuntu不论什么版本，如果想要正常使用wifi，必须在电脑的bios中把secure boot设定为disable

2.快捷指令（WiFi相关的常用命令行指令）

2.1查看电脑连接的蓝牙和网卡设备

rfkill list all

0: hci0: Bluetooth 这个是我电脑的蓝牙
	Soft blocked: no
	Hard blocked: no
1: phy0: Wireless LAN 这个是我电脑内的网卡
	Soft blocked: no
	Hard blocked: no
2: phy1: Wireless LAN这个是插到电脑上的usb网卡
	Soft blocked: no
	Hard blocked: no

拔掉usb网卡后显示：

网上人有说联想电脑出现Hard blocked: yes，可以在终端输入：sudo modprobe -r ideapad_laptop，参考可能解决方案；

2.2查看所有设备的型号

lspci

这里的

00:14.3 Network controller: Intel Corporation Device 06f0 这个是网卡型号
00:15.0 Serial bus controller [0c80]: Intel Corporation Device 06e8 这个是有线网卡型号

或者

2.3单独查看网络设备

lspci -nnk | grep -i net

这里的

00:14.3 Network controller [0280]: Intel Corporation Device [8086:06f0] 这个是网卡型号
04:00.0 Ethernet controller [0200]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. 
RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller 
[10ec:8168] (rev 15) 这个是有线网卡型号

2.4查看网卡驱动

lspci -vvv

这里我截取网卡相关的片段

00:14.3 Network controller: Intel Corporation Device 06f0
	Subsystem: Intel Corporation Device 0074
	Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+
	Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
	Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 64 bytes
	Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 16
	Region 0: Memory at c7714000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K]
	Capabilities: <access denied>
	Kernel driver in use: iwlwifi
	Kernel modules: iwlwifi, wl

2.5显示的当前内核已经加载的模块和驱动

lsmod

2.6查看网卡驱动版本

2.7单独查看网络设备

2.8查看系统内核

uname -sr 

2.9查看网络设备情况

sudo lshw -class network

如果显示network is disabled
可以通过：sudo ifup wlo1的方式去除disable，注意wlo1是我这里的名称

（如果想把正常的变成disable就可以：sudo ifdown wlo1）

$ sudo ifup wlo1
ifup: interface wlo1 already configured

3.一些场景下不能使用WiFi

3.1首次安装ubuntu系统，提示没有WiFi适配器

完全没有安装过网卡的，适合刚刚安装好ubuntu系统，而电脑的网卡不能显示的情况

出现：No Wi-Fi Adapter Found
Make sure you have a Wi-Fi adapter plugged and turn on 

1.查看自己的网卡型号，这里是ubuntu的查看方式（其它的系统也可能是其它命令）：

lspci

或

lspci -nnk | grep -i net

得到的结果中：Ethernet Controller 后是以太网卡型号，Network controller 后面的就是无线网卡型号

从windows查看（控制面板–网络和Internet–网络和共享中心 里的 以太网（或者wlan）–详细信息中）：

3.2ubuntu系统原本有wifi，某天开机不知怎么得突然提示没有WiFi适配器

明确几个问题：
0.网卡的驱动是不是装了（一般原本正常能用wifi，突然某天不能用了，驱动一般是好的！）
1.WiFi有没有被disable或者hardblock

rfkill list all

0: hci0: Bluetooth 这个是我电脑的蓝牙
	Soft blocked: no
	Hard blocked: no
1: phy0: Wireless LAN 这个是我电脑内的网卡
	Soft blocked: no
	Hard blocked: no
2: phy1: Wireless LAN这个是插到电脑上的usb网卡
	Soft blocked: no
	Hard blocked: no

如果你的Soft blocked 或Hard blocked出现了yes，那你就去查如何把ubuntu的wifi的硬件阻止或者软件阻止开启

2.如果尝试了很多次都没有解决（用了所有方法，都没有修复ubuntu的wifi）
如果在Software & Updates里面(这里的Additional Drivers里面可以让ubuntu自己找缺失的驱动)，没法自动识别网卡
如果在Inter corporation:Unknown处显示This device is not working

接下来你考虑：
换一下ubuntu的软件中的系统源（如果觉得自己sudo apt-get install *app，之类的下载安装东西觉得自己网速慢了，那就可以试试换一下源，有时候不一定是清华的源比阿里的好…）：
1.备份
备份/etc/apt/sources.list文件
mv /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sourses.list.backup
2.新建
新建/etc/apt/sources.list文件并添加以下内容

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

2.1 ubuntu18.04阿里源：

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

2.2 ubuntu18.04的其它源
#ubuntu18.04清华源

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

#ubuntu18.04中科大源

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

3 更新

更改完成之后执行以下命令

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

我完成了这几步后，wifi出现了，但是不能使用，WiFi是一个空心WiFi的形状
在这个界面提示wifi unmanaged

可以像我这样：

sudo gedit /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf

然后把里面内容替换为：

[main]
plugins=ifupdown,keyfile

[ifupdown]
managed=true

[keyfile]
unmanaged-devices=*,except:type:wifi,except:type:gsm,except:type:cdma,except:type:wwan,except:type:ethernet,except:type:vlan

[device]
wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=no

然后重启一下网卡

sudo systemctl restart network-manager

我的WiFi就修好了

但是之后电脑总是提示"Activation of network connection failed Ubuntu"
试试：sudo apt update && sudo apt install --reinstall openvpn easy-rsa
网上也有说重启路由器、重启电脑能修好的