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英语单词发音规则开闭音节的概念
开音节
1）以发音的元音字母结尾的单节。 例：be，he。
2）以辅音字母（r 除外）+不发音的e结尾的音节。 例：make，like。
* 在重读的开音节中元音字母按字母名称读音。
闭音节
以一个或几个辅音字母（r 除外）结尾而中间只有一个元音字母的音节，称为闭音节。例：map，desk，is。
* 在重读的闭音节中元音字母读做短元音。
一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音
三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
| 元音字母 |
读 音
|
例 词
|
|
a在[w]音后面
|
[C]
|
want what watch wash quality |
|
a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前
|
[α:] |
after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father |
|
i在-nd -ld和gh前
|
[ai] |
find child light high |
|
o在-st -ld前
|
[ou] |
most postcard old cold |
|
o在m n v th前
|
[Λ]
|
come monkey love mother |
二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
| 元音字母 |
读 音
|
例 词
|
| a |
[E]E
|
China another woman breakfast |
| [i] |
orange comrade village cabbage |
| e |
[E]
|
hundred student open weekend |
| [i] |
chicken pocket begin children |
| i |
[E]/[i]
|
holiday beautiful family animal |
| [ai] |
exercise satellite |
| o |
[E]
|
second tonight somebody welcome |
|
[Eu]
|
also zero photo |
| u |
[E]
|
autumn difficult |
| [ju:] |
popular congratulation January |
|
动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读[ei]音，例如：operate
|
|
u处在开音节位置，又在辅音字母j l r s后面时，读[u(:)]音，例如：July influence February issue
|
|
在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母a e i 即可以读作[E]音，也可以读作[i]音。
|
四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
| 元音字组 |
读 音
|
例 词
|
ar
ar在[w]音后面
|
[α:] |
car farm dark sharpener |
|
[C:]
|
warm quarter towards |
or
or在[w]音后面
|
[C:]
|
forty morning short |
|
[E:]
|
word worker worse |
| er ir ur |
[E:]
|
certainly bird Thursday |
|
辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如： carry sorry hurry
|
|
-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[E]音，例如：dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday
|
五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音
七、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音
|
元音字组或字群
|
读 音
|
例 词
|
| ai/ay ei/ey |
[i] |
Sunday foreign monkey |
| ow |
[ou] |
yellow sparrow tomorrow |
元音字组在非重读音节中读[E]音或[i]。
例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee
|
| -sion -tion |
[Fn]
|
impression nation |
|
-sion在元音字母后
|
[Vn]
|
vision decision occasion |
|
-tion在s后
|
[tFEn]
|
question suggestion |
| -sten |
[sn] |
listen |
| -stle |
[sl] |
whistle |
| -sure |
[VE]
|
pleasure measure |
| -ture |
[tFE]
|
picture culture |
八、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音
复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号，但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。
例如：
everyday[ei] handbag[æ] blackboard[C:]
|
有些词随着语言的发展，前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义，融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。
例如：
sun太阳 + day[ei]日子 ＞ Sunday[i] 星期天
holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 ＞ holiday[i] 假日
break中断 + fast[α:]斋戒 ＞ breakfast[E] 早餐
cup茶杯 + board木板[C:] ＞ cupboard[E] 碗柜
|
九、辅字组的读音
| 辅字组 |
读 音
|
例 词
|
| b |
[b] |
bike bus bag |
| [/] |
bomb tomb |
c
c在e前或在i/y前
|
[k] |
cake picture coat music |
| [s] |
face decide cinema |
| ch |
[tF]
|
much chick rich teacher |
| [k] |
school headache chemistry |
|
[F]
|
machine |
| -ck |
[k] |
cock pocket black knock |
| d |
[d] |
doctor bread hand day |
| -dge |
[dV]
|
bridge fridge |
| dr- |
[dr] |
children driver drink |
| f |
[f] |
five four breakfast |
g
g在e i/y前
|
[^]
|
bag garden go |
|
[dV]
|
orange large German |
| gh |
[f] |
cough enough |
| [/] |
light daughter high |
gu- -gue
gu在非重读音节中
|
[^]
|
guess league dialogue |
|
[^w]
|
language anguish |
| h |
[h] |
hot head house hand |
| [/] |
hour honest |
| j |
[dV]
|
jeep jar joke join July |
| k |
[k] |
kind bike skate make week |
| kn- |
[n] |
knife know knock |
| l |
[l] |
life milk school tall |
| m |
[m] |
monkey come autumn |
| -mn |
[m] |
autumn column solemn |
n
n在[k] [g]音前
|
[n] |
not shine ten note |
|
[N]
|
uncle thank hungry |
| -ng |
[N]
|
morning young wrong |
| p |
[p] |
paper plane pig ship pen |
| ph |
[f] |
elephant photo telephone |
| q |
[k] |
Iraq |
| qu- |
[kw] |
quality quite |
| r |
[r] |
red rubber ruler |
s在词首或清辅音前
元音字母间或浊辅音前
|
[s] |
sit sleep desk |
| [z] |
music husband |
| sc- |
[sk] |
scarlet |
| [s] |
muscle science |
| sh |
[F]
|
she fish shirt wash |
t在通常情况下
在弱读字母ia ie io前
|
[t] |
ten letter meet |
|
[F]
|
patient nation |
| tch |
[tF]
|
watch |
th在通常情况下
在冠词 代词 介词 连词中
在词尾-the -ther中
|
[θ] |
thin thirty method |
|
[T]
|
the these with than |
|
[T]
|
clothe fathe r weather |
| tr- |
[tr] |
tree train country truck |
| v |
[v] |
very voice love leave |
| w |
[w] |
week win wake sweet wait |
| [/] |
Answer two |
wh-
wh-在字母o前
|
[w] |
what when white why |
| [h] |
who whose whole |
x
在重读元音前
|
[ks] |
box text exercise |
| [gz] |
example exist exact |
| wr- |
[r] |
write |
| y- |
[j] |
yes yard yellow young |
| z |
[z] |
puzzle zero zoo |
