前后端分离】的开发方式是目前WEB开发中的一个大的趋势,随着各种前后端框架的出现,加上REST编程规范慢慢深入人心,前端后端之间通过更加轻量级、简洁高效的JSON作为数据传输格式,使得一切变得开朗起来,前后端分工更加明晰,前端被赋予了更多的功能,从而能分担原来由后端完成的工作,开发人员的学习成本明显下降。
通过VUE+SPringMVC的组合来尝试实现前后端分离的开发模式,下面给出具体的过程。
1.搭建前端
VUE是优秀的前端框架,搭建基于VUE的前端工程需要安装Node.js,并通过NPM包管理工具和VUE-cli脚手架工具来辅助构建前端工程,如下:
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# 全局安装 vue-cli
$ npm install --global vue-cli
# 创建一个基于 webpack 模板的新项目
$ vue init webpack my-project
# 安装依赖,走你
$ cd my-project
$ npm install
$ npm run dev
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这样我们就构建了一个前段项目的架子my-project,目录结构如下图:
然后再浏览器中可以看到如下的页面:
前端搞定,轮到后端
2.搭建后端
后端是用maven来构建的web项目,在eclipse(使用2017年6月发布的Oxygen)目录结构如下:
其中配置文件主要为pom.xml、web.xml、applicationContext.xml、SpringMVC-servlet.xml,具体内容如下。
pom.xml是maven的配置文件,如下
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>my-first-maven-project</groupId>
<artifactId>hello-maven</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>hello-maven Maven Webapp</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<!-- <properties>
<spring-version></spring-version>
</properties> -->
<!-- dependencyManagement配置有问题 -->
<!-- <dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-webmvc
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>4.3.10.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.7.9.1</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement> -->
<!-- dependencies配置没有问题 -->
<dependencies>
<!-- Junit单元测试依赖包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- SpringMVC依赖包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>4.3.10.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- JSON处理依赖包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.7.9.1</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>hello-maven</finalName>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.eclipse.jetty</groupId>
<artifactId>jetty-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>9.2.2.v20140723</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
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web.xml为整个web应用的配置文件
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app>
<display-name>My first SpringMVC APP</display-name>
<!-- Spring应用上下文,理解层次化的ApplicationContext -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/configurations/spring/applicationContext*.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- 配置允许跨域访问
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>CorsFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping> -->
<!-- SpringMVC配置 -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC-dispatcher</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/configurations/spring/SpringMVC-servlet.xml</param-value>
<!-- 默认是/WEB-INF/[servlet名字]-servlet.xml -->
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC-dispatcher</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
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applicationContext.xml为Spring配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!-- 使用注解的依赖注入(DI)管理 -->
<context:annotation-config/>
<!-- 告诉Spring不用管理@controller标记的类 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.muxinxin.springmvcdemo">
<context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
</context:component-scan>
</beans>
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SpringMVC-servlet.xml为SpringMVC配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd">
<!-- SpringMVC配置 -->
<!-- 激活@required 等注释 -->
<context:annotation-config/>
<!-- 设置使用注解的类所在的jar包 ,DispatcherServlet上下文,只搜索@Controller标记的类-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.muxinxin.springmvcdemo">
<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
</context:component-scan>
<!-- 启动基于注解的HandlerMapping,可以将请求参数绑定到控制器参数 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!-- 静态资源配置,css, js, imgs -->
<mvc:resources location="/resources/" mapping="/resources/**"/>
<!-- 配置ViewResolver
可以配置多个ViewResolver
使用order属性排序
InternalResourceViewResolver放在最后
-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsps/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
</beans>
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作为测试的controller为HelloMvcController.java
package com.muxinxin.springmvcdemo.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.CrossOrigin;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import com.muxinxin.springmvcdemo.model.Person;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public class HelloMvcController {
@RequestMapping("/home")
public String homeHandler(){
return "home";
}
@RequestMapping("/test")
public String testHandler(){
return "test";
}
/**
* 使用JSON作为响应内容
*/
@CrossOrigin(origins="*",maxAge=3600)
@RequestMapping(value="/getperson/{personID}",method=RequestMethod.GET)
public @ResponseBody Person getPerson(@PathVariable int personID) {
Person p = new Person();
p.setName("Eric");
p.setSex("male");
p.setId(personID);
return p;
}
}
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使用jetty的maven插件作为web容器,配置在pom.xml中,在项目所在目录输入下面命令启动后端项目
mvn jetty:run
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3.结果
对前端APP.vue做如下修改,数据异步请求使用的是Vue官方推荐的axios插件。
修改前
<template>
<div id="app">
<img src="./assets/logo.png">
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name: 'app'
}
</script>
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修改后
<template>
<div id="app">
<h1>服务端数据为:{{serverData}}</h1>
<img src="./assets/logo.png" @click="getData()">
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name: 'app',
data () {
return {
serverData: 'data from fake server'
}
},
mounted: function () {
this.getData()
},
methods: {
getData () {
console.log('-------getData')
var that = this
//192.168.1.101为后端IP地址 this.$http.get('http://192.168.1.101:8080/hello/getperson/33333')
.then(function (response) {
console.log(response)
console.log(this)
that.serverData = response.data
})
.catch(function (error) {
console.log(error)
})
}
}
}
</script>
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准备就绪后查看前端页面,变为
数据成功拿到!!!!!!!
4.遇到的坑(经验)
NRM
在使用npm安装依赖包的时候,可以用nrm这个插件来切换npm镜像,非常方便,推荐使用。
跨域
一般跨域的解决方式为:粗粒度和细粒度
粗粒度(全局):配置全局允许跨域
细粒度:在具体API上通过注解配置,如SpringMVC中的@CrossOrigin
5.总结
至此,使用VUE+SpringMVC的方式来实现前后端分离开发就被简单完成了。
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版权声明:本文为CSDN博主「trade-off」的原创文章,遵循 CC 4.0 BY-SA 版权协议,转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。
原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/muxinxin880422/article/details/77970535