并发编程已完结，章节如下：
Java 并发编程一篇 -（Synchronized 原理、LockSupport 原理、ReentrantLock 原理）
Java 并发编程二篇 -（JMM、CAS 原理、Volatile 原理）
Java 并发编程三篇 -（线程池）
Java 并发编程四篇 -（JUC、AQS 源码、ReentrantLock 源码）
getState - 获取 state 状态
setState - 设置 state 状态
compareAndSetState - cas 机制设置 state 状态
子类主要实现这样一些方法（默认抛出 UnsupportedOperationException）
tryAcquire
tryRelease
tryAcquireShared
tryReleaseShared
isHeldExclusively
// 获取锁的姿势
// 如果获取锁失败
if (!tryAcquire(arg)) {
// 入队, 可以选择阻塞当前线程 park unpark
}
// 释放锁的姿势
// 如果释放锁成功
if (tryRelease(arg)) {
// 让阻塞线程恢复运行
}
@Slf4j(topic = "c.Code_11_UnRepeatLockTest")
public class Code_11_UnRepeatLockTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyLock myLock = new MyLock();
new Thread(() -> {
myLock.lock();
log.info("lock ... ");
// 测试是否不可重入
myLock.lock();
try {
log.info("starting ... ");
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
log.info("unlock ... ");
myLock.unlock();
}
}, "t1").start();
}
}
// 自定义锁（不可重入锁）
class MyLock implements Lock {
class MySync extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer {
@Override
protected boolean tryAcquire(int arg) {
if(compareAndSetState(0, 1)) {
setExclusiveOwnerThread(Thread.currentThread());
return true;
}
return false;
}
@Override
protected boolean tryRelease(int arg) {
if (compareAndSetState(1, 0)) {
setExclusiveOwnerThread(null);
setState(0);
return true;
}
return false;
}
public Condition newCondition() {
return new ConditionObject();
}
@Override
protected boolean isHeldExclusively() {
return getState() == 1;
}
}
private MySync mySync = new MySync();
// 加锁
@Override
public void lock() {
mySync.acquire(1);
}
// 可中断的锁
@Override
public void lockInterruptibly() throws InterruptedException {
mySync.acquireInterruptibly(1);
}
// 只会尝试一次加锁
@Override
public boolean tryLock() {
return mySync.tryAcquire(1);
}
// 带超时时间的
@Override
public boolean tryLock(long time, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException {
return mySync.tryAcquireNanos(1, unit.toNanos(time));
}
// 解锁
@Override
public void unlock() {
mySync.release(1);
}
// 创建条件变量
@Override
public Condition newCondition() {
return mySync.newCondition();
}
}
public ReentrantLock() {
sync = new NonfairSync();
}
没有竞争时
final void lock() {
// 没有竞争时, 直接加锁
if (compareAndSetState(0, 1))
// 设置持有锁的线程
setExclusiveOwnerThread(Thread.currentThread());
else
// 有竞争, 会调用这个方法
acquire(1);
}
第一个竞争出现时cas失败，调用acquire(1)方法
public final void acquire(int arg) {
// 再次调用tryAcquire(arg)尝试加锁, 如果加锁成功就不走下面逻辑；加锁失败则创建一个 Node 节点对象加入到等待队列中去
if (!tryAcquire(arg) && acquireQueued(addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE), arg))
selfInterrupt();
}
Thread-1 执行了
当前线程进入 acquire方法的 acquireQueued 逻辑
4. shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire 执行完毕回到 acquireQueued ，再次 tryAcquire 尝试获取锁，当然这时 state 仍为 1，失败
5. 当再次进入 shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire 时，这时因为其前驱 node 的 waitStatus 已经是 -1，这次返回 true
6. 进入 parkAndCheckInterrupt， Thread-1 park（灰色表示已经阻塞）
再从次有多个线程经历上述过程竞争失败，变成这个样子
Thread-0 释放锁，进入 tryRelease 流程，如果成功
如果加锁成功（没有竞争），会设置 （acquireQueued 方法中）
如果这时候有其它线程来竞争（非公平的体现），例如这时有 Thread-4 来了
如果不巧又被 Thread-4 占了先
// Sync 继承自 AQS
static final class NonfairSync extends Sync {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 7316153563782823691L;
// 加锁实现
final void lock() {
// 首先用 cas 尝试（仅尝试一次）将 state 从 0 改为 1, 如果成功表示获得了独占锁
if (compareAndSetState(0, 1))
setExclusiveOwnerThread(Thread.currentThread());
else
// 如果尝试失败，进入 ㈠
acquire(1);
}
// ㈠ AQS 继承过来的方法, 方便阅读, 放在此处
public final void acquire(int arg) {
// ㈡ tryAcquire
if (!tryAcquire(arg) &&
// 当 tryAcquire 返回为 false 时, 先调用 addWaiter ㈣, 接着 acquireQueued ㈤
acquireQueued(addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE), arg)) {
selfInterrupt();
}
}
// ㈡ 进入 ㈢
protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
return nonfairTryAcquire(acquires);
}
// ㈢ Sync 继承过来的方法, 方便阅读, 放在此处
final boolean nonfairTryAcquire(int acquires) {
final Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
int c = getState();
// 如果还没有获得锁
if (c == 0) {
// 尝试用 cas 获得, 这里体现了非公平性: 不去检查 AQS 队列
if (compareAndSetState(0, acquires)) {
setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
return true;
}
}
// 如果已经获得了锁, 线程还是当前线程, 表示发生了锁重入
else if (current == getExclusiveOwnerThread()) {
// state++
int nextc = c + acquires;
if (nextc < 0) // overflow
throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
setState(nextc);
return true;
}
// 获取失败, 回到调用处
return false;
}
// ㈣ AQS 继承过来的方法, 方便阅读, 放在此处
private Node addWaiter(Node mode) {
// 将当前线程关联到一个 Node 对象上, 模式为独占模式，新建的Node的waitstatus默认为0，因为waitstatus是成员变量，默认被初始化为0
Node node = new Node(Thread.currentThread(), mode);
// 如果 tail 不为 null, cas 尝试将 Node 对象加入 AQS 队列尾部
Node pred = tail;
if (pred != null) {
node.prev = pred;
if (compareAndSetTail(pred, node)) {
// 双向链表
pred.next = node;
return node;
}
}
//如果tail为null，尝试将 Node 加入 AQS, 进入 ㈥
enq(node);
return node;
}
// ㈥ AQS 继承过来的方法, 方便阅读, 放在此处
private Node enq(final Node node) {
for (;;) {
Node t = tail;
if (t == null) {
// 还没有, 设置 head 为哨兵节点（不对应线程，状态为 0）
if (compareAndSetHead(new Node())) {
tail = head;
}
} else {
// cas 尝试将 Node 对象加入 AQS 队列尾部
node.prev = t;
if (compareAndSetTail(t, node)) {
t.next = node;
return t;
}
}
}
}
// ㈤ AQS 继承过来的方法, 方便阅读, 放在此处
final boolean acquireQueued(final Node node, int arg) {
boolean failed = true;
try {
boolean interrupted = false;
for (;;) {
final Node p = node.predecessor();
// 上一个节点是 head, 表示轮到自己（当前线程对应的 node）了, 尝试获取
if (p == head && tryAcquire(arg)) {
// 获取成功, 设置自己（当前线程对应的 node）为 head
setHead(node);
// 上一个节点 help GC
p.next = null;
failed = false;
// 返回中断标记 false
return interrupted;
}
if (
// 判断是否应当 park, 进入 ㈦
shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) &&
// park 等待, 此时 Node 的状态被置为 Node.SIGNAL ㈧
parkAndCheckInterrupt()
) {
interrupted = true;
}
}
} finally {
if (failed)
cancelAcquire(node);
}
}
// ㈦ AQS 继承过来的方法, 方便阅读, 放在此处
private static boolean shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(Node pred, Node node) {
// 获取上一个节点的状态
int ws = pred.waitStatus;
if (ws == Node.SIGNAL) {
// 上一个节点都在阻塞, 那么自己也阻塞好了
return true;
}
// > 0 表示取消状态
if (ws > 0) {
// 上一个节点取消, 那么重构删除前面所有取消的节点, 返回到外层循环重试
do {
node.prev = pred = pred.prev;
} while (pred.waitStatus > 0);
pred.next = node;
} else {
// 这次还没有阻塞
// 但下次如果重试不成功, 则需要阻塞，这时需要设置上一个节点状态为 Node.SIGNAL
compareAndSetWaitStatus(pred, ws, Node.SIGNAL);
}
return false;
}
// ㈧ 阻塞当前线程
private final boolean parkAndCheckInterrupt() {
LockSupport.park(this);
return Thread.interrupted();
}
}
// Sync 继承自 AQS
static final class NonfairSync extends Sync {
// 解锁实现
public void unlock() {
sync.release(1);
}
// AQS 继承过来的方法, 方便阅读, 放在此处
public final boolean release(int arg) {
// 尝试释放锁, 进入 ㈠
if (tryRelease(arg)) {
// 队列头节点 unpark
Node h = head;
if (
// 队列不为 null
h != null &&
// waitStatus == Node.SIGNAL 才需要 unpark
h.waitStatus != 0
) {
// unpark AQS 中等待的线程, 进入 ㈡
unparkSuccessor(h);
}
return true;
}
return false;
}
// ㈠ Sync 继承过来的方法, 方便阅读, 放在此处
protected final boolean tryRelease(int releases) {
// state--
int c = getState() - releases;
if (Thread.currentThread() != getExclusiveOwnerThread())
throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
boolean free = false;
// 支持锁重入, 只有 state 减为 0, 才释放成功
if (c == 0) {
free = true;
setExclusiveOwnerThread(null);
}
setState(c);
return free;
}
// ㈡ AQS 继承过来的方法, 方便阅读, 放在此处
private void unparkSuccessor(Node node) {
// 如果状态为 Node.SIGNAL 尝试重置状态为 0, 如果线程获取到了锁那么后来头结点会被抛弃掉
// 不成功也可以
int ws = node.waitStatus;
if (ws < 0) {
compareAndSetWaitStatus(node, ws, 0);
}
// 找到需要 unpark 的节点, 但本节点从 AQS 队列中脱离, 是由唤醒节点完成的
Node s = node.next;
// 不考虑已取消的节点, 从 AQS 队列从后至前找到队列最前面需要 unpark 的节点
if (s == null || s.waitStatus > 0) {
s = null;
for (Node t = tail; t != null && t != node; t = t.prev)
if (t.waitStatus <= 0)
s = t;
}
if (s != null)
LockSupport.unpark(s.thread);
}
}
static final class NonfairSync extends Sync {
// ...
// Sync 继承过来的方法, 方便阅读, 放在此处
final boolean nonfairTryAcquire(int acquires) {
final Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
int c = getState();
if (c == 0) {
if (compareAndSetState(0, acquires)) {
setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
return true;
}
}
// 如果已经获得了锁, 线程还是当前线程, 表示发生了锁重入
else if (current == getExclusiveOwnerThread()) {
// state++
int nextc = c + acquires;
if (nextc < 0) // overflow
throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
setState(nextc);
return true;
}
return false;
}
// Sync 继承过来的方法, 方便阅读, 放在此处
protected final boolean tryRelease(int releases) {
// state--
int c = getState() - releases;
if (Thread.currentThread() != getExclusiveOwnerThread())
throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
boolean free = false;
// 支持锁重入, 只有 state 减为 0, 才释放成功
if (c == 0) {
free = true;
setExclusiveOwnerThread(null);
}
setState(c);
return free;
}
}
// Sync 继承自 AQS
static final class NonfairSync extends Sync {
// ...
private final boolean parkAndCheckInterrupt() {
// 如果打断标记已经是 true, 则 park 会失效
LockSupport.park(this);
// interrupted 会清除打断标记
return Thread.interrupted();
}
final boolean acquireQueued(final Node node, int arg) {
boolean failed = true;
try {
boolean interrupted = false;
for (;;) {
final Node p = node.predecessor();
if (p == head && tryAcquire(arg)) {
setHead(node);
p.next = null;
failed = false;
// 还是需要获得锁后, 才能返回打断状态
return interrupted;
}
if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) && parkAndCheckInterrupt()) {
// 如果是因为 interrupt 被唤醒, 返回打断状态为 true
interrupted = true;
}
}
} finally {
if (failed)
cancelAcquire(node);
}
}
public final void acquire(int arg) {
if (!tryAcquire(arg) && acquireQueued(addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE), arg)) {
// 如果打断状态为 true
selfInterrupt();
}
}
static void selfInterrupt() {
// 重新产生一次中断，这时候线程是如果正常运行的状态，那么不是出于sleep等状态，interrupt方法就不会报错
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
}
}
static final class NonfairSync extends Sync {
public final void acquireInterruptibly(int arg) throws InterruptedException {
if (Thread.interrupted())
throw new InterruptedException();
// 如果没有获得到锁, 进入 ㈠
if (!tryAcquire(arg))
doAcquireInterruptibly(arg);
}
// ㈠ 可打断的获取锁流程
private void doAcquireInterruptibly(int arg) throws InterruptedException {
final Node node = addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE);
boolean failed = true;
try {
for (;;) {
final Node p = node.predecessor();
if (p == head && tryAcquire(arg)) {
setHead(node);
p.next = null; // help GC
failed = false;
return;
}
if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) &&
parkAndCheckInterrupt()) {
// 在 park 过程中如果被 interrupt 会进入此
// 这时候抛出异常, 而不会再次进入 for (;;)
throw new InterruptedException();
}
}
} finally {
if (failed)
cancelAcquire(node);
}
}
}
static final class FairSync extends Sync {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -3000897897090466540L;
final void lock() {
acquire(1);
}
// AQS 继承过来的方法, 方便阅读, 放在此处
public final void acquire(int arg) {
if (
!tryAcquire(arg) &&
acquireQueued(addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE), arg)
) {
selfInterrupt();
}
}
// 与非公平锁主要区别在于 tryAcquire 方法的实现
protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
final Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
int c = getState();
if (c == 0) {
// 先检查 AQS 队列中是否有前驱节点, 没有才去竞争
if (!hasQueuedPredecessors() &&
compareAndSetState(0, acquires)) {
setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
return true;
}
}
else if (current == getExclusiveOwnerThread()) {
int nextc = c + acquires;
if (nextc < 0)
throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
setState(nextc);
return true;
}
return false;
}
// ㈠ AQS 继承过来的方法, 方便阅读, 放在此处
public final boolean hasQueuedPredecessors() {
Node t = tail;
Node h = head;
Node s;
// h != t 时表示队列中有 Node
return h != t &&
(
// (s = h.next) == null 表示队列中还有没有老二
(s = h.next) == null || // 或者队列中老二线程不是此线程
s.thread != Thread.currentThread()
);
}
}
await 流程
signal 流程
源码分析：
public class ConditionObject implements Condition, java.io.Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1173984872572414699L;
// 第一个等待节点
private transient Node firstWaiter;
// 最后一个等待节点
private transient Node lastWaiter;
public ConditionObject() { }
// ㈠ 添加一个 Node 至等待队列
private Node addConditionWaiter() {
Node t = lastWaiter;
// 所有已取消的 Node 从队列链表删除, 见 ㈡
if (t != null && t.waitStatus != Node.CONDITION) {
unlinkCancelledWaiters();
t = lastWaiter;
}
// 创建一个关联当前线程的新 Node, 添加至队列尾部
Node node = new Node(Thread.currentThread(), Node.CONDITION);
if (t == null)
firstWaiter = node;
else
t.nextWaiter = node;
lastWaiter = node;
return node;
}
// 唤醒 - 将没取消的第一个节点转移至 AQS 队列
private void doSignal(Node first) {
do {
// 已经是尾节点了
if ( (firstWaiter = first.nextWaiter) == null) {
lastWaiter = null;
}
first.nextWaiter = null;
} while (
// 将等待队列中的 Node 转移至 AQS 队列, 不成功且还有节点则继续循环 ㈢
!transferForSignal(first) &&
// 队列还有节点
(first = firstWaiter) != null
);
}
// 外部类方法, 方便阅读, 放在此处
// ㈢ 如果节点状态是取消, 返回 false 表示转移失败, 否则转移成功
final boolean transferForSignal(Node node) {
// 设置当前node状态为0（因为处在队列末尾），如果状态已经不是 Node.CONDITION, 说明被取消了
if (!compareAndSetWaitStatus(node, Node.CONDITION, 0))
return false;
// 加入 AQS 队列尾部
Node p = enq(node);
int ws = p.waitStatus;
if (
// 插入节点的上一个节点被取消
ws > 0 ||
// 插入节点的上一个节点不能设置状态为 Node.SIGNAL
!compareAndSetWaitStatus(p, ws, Node.SIGNAL)
) {
// unpark 取消阻塞, 让线程重新同步状态
LockSupport.unpark(node.thread);
}
return true;
}
// 全部唤醒 - 等待队列的所有节点转移至 AQS 队列
private void doSignalAll(Node first) {
lastWaiter = firstWaiter = null;
do {
Node next = first.nextWaiter;
first.nextWaiter = null;
transferForSignal(first);
first = next;
} while (first != null);
}
// ㈡
private void unlinkCancelledWaiters() {
// ...
}
// 唤醒 - 必须持有锁才能唤醒, 因此 doSignal 内无需考虑加锁
public final void signal() {
// 如果没有持有锁，会抛出异常
if (!isHeldExclusively())
throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
Node first = firstWaiter;
if (first != null)
doSignal(first);
}
// 全部唤醒 - 必须持有锁才能唤醒, 因此 doSignalAll 内无需考虑加锁
public final void signalAll() {
if (!isHeldExclusively())
throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
Node first = firstWaiter;
if (first != null)
doSignalAll(first);
}
// 不可打断等待 - 直到被唤醒
public final void awaitUninterruptibly() {
// 添加一个 Node 至等待队列, 见 ㈠
Node node = addConditionWaiter();
// 释放节点持有的锁, 见 ㈣
int savedState = fullyRelease(node);
boolean interrupted = false;
// 如果该节点还没有转移至 AQS 队列, 阻塞
while (!isOnSyncQueue(node)) {
// park 阻塞
LockSupport.park(this);
// 如果被打断, 仅设置打断状态
if (Thread.interrupted())
interrupted = true;
}
// 唤醒后, 尝试竞争锁, 如果失败进入 AQS 队列
if (acquireQueued(node, savedState) || interrupted)
selfInterrupt();
}
// 外部类方法, 方便阅读, 放在此处
// ㈣ 因为某线程可能重入，需要将 state 全部释放，获取state，然后把它全部减掉，以全部释放
final int fullyRelease(Node node) {
boolean failed = true;
try {
int savedState = getState();
// 唤醒等待队列队列中的下一个节点
if (release(savedState)) {
failed = false;
return savedState;
} else {
throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
}
} finally {
if (failed)
node.waitStatus = Node.CANCELLED;
}
}
// 打断模式 - 在退出等待时重新设置打断状态
private static final int REINTERRUPT = 1;
// 打断模式 - 在退出等待时抛出异常
private static final int THROW_IE = -1;
// 判断打断模式
private int checkInterruptWhileWaiting(Node node) {
return Thread.interrupted() ?
(transferAfterCancelledWait(node) ? THROW_IE : REINTERRUPT) :
0;
}
// ㈤ 应用打断模式
private void reportInterruptAfterWait(int interruptMode)
throws InterruptedException {
if (interruptMode == THROW_IE)
throw new InterruptedException();
else if (interruptMode == REINTERRUPT)
selfInterrupt();
}
// 等待 - 直到被唤醒或打断
public final void await() throws InterruptedException {
if (Thread.interrupted()) {
throw new InterruptedException();
}
// 添加一个 Node 至等待队列, 见 ㈠
Node node = addConditionWaiter();
// 释放节点持有的锁
int savedState = fullyRelease(node);
int interruptMode = 0;
// 如果该节点还没有转移至 AQS 队列, 阻塞
while (!isOnSyncQueue(node)) {
// park 阻塞
LockSupport.park(this);
// 如果被打断, 退出等待队列
if ((interruptMode = checkInterruptWhileWaiting(node)) != 0)
break;
}
// 退出等待队列后, 还需要获得 AQS 队列的锁
if (acquireQueued(node, savedState) && interruptMode != THROW_IE)
interruptMode = REINTERRUPT;
// 所有已取消的 Node 从队列链表删除, 见 ㈡
if (node.nextWaiter != null)
unlinkCancelledWaiters();
// 应用打断模式, 见 ㈤
if (interruptMode != 0)
reportInterruptAfterWait(interruptMode);
}
// 等待 - 直到被唤醒或打断或超时
public final long awaitNanos(long nanosTimeout) throws InterruptedException {
if (Thread.interrupted()) {
throw new InterruptedException();
}
// 添加一个 Node 至等待队列, 见 ㈠
Node node = addConditionWaiter();
// 释放节点持有的锁
int savedState = fullyRelease(node);
// 获得最后期限
final long deadline = System.nanoTime() + nanosTimeout;
int interruptMode = 0;
// 如果该节点还没有转移至 AQS 队列, 阻塞
while (!isOnSyncQueue(node)) {
// 已超时, 退出等待队列
if (nanosTimeout <= 0L) {
transferAfterCancelledWait(node);
break;
}
// park 阻塞一定时间, spinForTimeoutThreshold 为 1000 ns
if (nanosTimeout >= spinForTimeoutThreshold)
LockSupport.parkNanos(this, nanosTimeout);
// 如果被打断, 退出等待队列
if ((interruptMode = checkInterruptWhileWaiting(node)) != 0)
break;
nanosTimeout = deadline - System.nanoTime();
}
// 退出等待队列后, 还需要获得 AQS 队列的锁
if (acquireQueued(node, savedState) && interruptMode != THROW_IE)
interruptMode = REINTERRUPT;
// 所有已取消的 Node 从队列链表删除, 见 ㈡
if (node.nextWaiter != null)
unlinkCancelledWaiters();
// 应用打断模式, 见 ㈤
if (interruptMode != 0)
reportInterruptAfterWait(interruptMode);
return deadline - System.nanoTime();
}
// 等待 - 直到被唤醒或打断或超时, 逻辑类似于 awaitNanos
public final boolean awaitUntil(Date deadline) throws InterruptedException {
// ...
}
// 等待 - 直到被唤醒或打断或超时, 逻辑类似于 awaitNanos
public final boolean await(long time, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException {
// ...
}
// 工具方法 省略 ...
}
实现代码如下：
public class Code_12_ReadWriteLockTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
DataContainer dataContainer = new DataContainer();
Thread t1 = new Thread(() -> {
dataContainer.read();
// dataContainer.write();
}, "t1");
// Thread.sleep(100);
Thread t2 = new Thread(() -> {
// dataContainer.read();
dataContainer.write();
}, "t2");
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
}
@Slf4j(topic = "c.DataContainer")
class DataContainer {
private Object object = new Object();
private ReentrantReadWriteLock readWriteLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
private ReentrantReadWriteLock.ReadLock readLock = readWriteLock.readLock();
private ReentrantReadWriteLock.WriteLock writeLock = readWriteLock.writeLock();
public Object read() {
readLock.lock();
log.info("拿到读锁！");
try {
log.info("读取操作 ...");
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}finally {
readLock.unlock();
log.info("释放读锁！");
}
return object;
}
public void write() {
writeLock.lock();
log.info("拿到写锁！");
try {
log.info("写操作 ... ");
}finally {
writeLock.unlock();
log.info("释放写锁！");
}
}
}
注意事项
r.lock();
try {
// ...
w.lock();
try {
// ...
} finally{
w.unlock();
}
} finally{
r.unlock();
}
class CachedData {
Object data;
// 是否有效，如果失效，需要重新计算 data
volatile boolean cacheValid;
final ReentrantReadWriteLock rwl = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
void processCachedData() {
rwl.readLock().lock();
if (!cacheValid) {
// 获取写锁前必须释放读锁
rwl.readLock().unlock();
rwl.writeLock().lock();
try {
// 判断是否有其它线程已经获取了写锁、更新了缓存, 避免重复更新
if (!cacheValid) {
data = ...
cacheValid = true;
}
// 降级为读锁, 释放写锁, 这样能够让其它线程读取缓存
rwl.readLock().lock();
} finally {
rwl.writeLock().unlock();
}
}
// 自己用完数据, 释放读锁
try {
use(data);
} finally {
rwl.readLock().unlock();
}
}
}
缓存更新策略：
实现代码如下：
/**
* ReentrantReadWriteLock 读写锁解决 缓存与数据库一致性问题
*/
public class Code_13_ReadWriteCacheTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
GeneriCacheDao<Object> generiCacheDao = new GeneriCacheDao<>();
Object[] objects = new Object[2];
generiCacheDao.queryOne(Object.class,"Test",objects);
generiCacheDao.queryOne(Object.class,"Test",objects);
generiCacheDao.queryOne(Object.class,"Test",objects);
generiCacheDao.queryOne(Object.class,"Test",objects);
System.out.println(generiCacheDao.map);
generiCacheDao.update("Test",objects);
System.out.println(generiCacheDao.map);
}
}
class GeneriCacheDao<T> extends GenericDao {
HashMap<SqlPair, T> map = new HashMap<>();
ReentrantReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
GenericDao genericDao = new GenericDao();
@Override
public int update(String sql, Object... params){
lock.writeLock().lock();
SqlPair sqlPair = new SqlPair(sql, params);
try {
// 先查询数据库再更新缓存,但是这里加了锁，谁先谁后都没关系
int update = genericDao.update(sql, params);
map.clear();
return update;
} finally {
lock.writeLock().unlock();
}
}
@Override
public T queryOne(Class beanClass, String sql, Object... params){
SqlPair key = new SqlPair(sql, params);
// 加读锁, 防止其它线程对缓存更改
lock.readLock().lock();
try {
T t = map.get(key);
if (t != null){
return t;
}
} finally {
lock.readLock().unlock();
}
// 加写锁, 防止其它线程对缓存读取和更改
lock.writeLock().lock();
// get 方法上面部分是可能多个线程进来的, 可能已经向缓存填充了数据
// 为防止重复查询数据库, 再次验证
try {
T value = map.get(key);
if (value == null){
value = (T) genericDao.queryOne(beanClass, sql, params);
map.put(key, value);
}
return value;
} finally {
lock.writeLock().unlock();
}
}
class SqlPair{
private String sql;
private Object[] params;
public SqlPair(String sql, Object[] params) {
this.sql = sql;
this.params = params;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (this == o) return true;
if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
SqlPair sqlMap = (SqlPair) o;
return Objects.equals(sql, sqlMap.sql) &&
Arrays.equals(params, sqlMap.params);
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
int result = Objects.hash(sql);
result = 31 * result + Arrays.hashCode(params);
return result;
}
}
}
class GenericDao<T>{
public int update(String sql, Object... params){
return 1;
}
public T queryOne(Class<T> beanClass, String sql, Object... params){
System.out.println("查询数据库中");
return (T) new Object();
}
}
图解流程
下面执行：t1 w.lock，t2 r.lock 情况
1）t1 成功上锁，流程与 ReentrantLock 加锁相比没有特殊之处，不同是写锁状态占了 state 的低 16 位，而读锁使用的是 state 的高 16 位
2）t2 执行 r.lock，这时进入读锁的 sync.acquireShared(1) 流程，首先会进入 tryAcquireShared 流程。如果有写锁占据，那么 tryAcquireShared 返回 -1 表示失败。
3）这时会进入 sync.doAcquireShared(1) 流程，首先也是调用 addWaiter 添加节点，不同之处在于节点被设置为 Node.SHARED 模式而非 Node.EXCLUSIVE 模式，注意此时 t2 仍处于活跃状态
4）t2 会看看自己的节点是不是老二，如果是，还会再次调用 tryAcquireShared(1) 来尝试获取锁
5）如果没有成功，在 doAcquireShared 内 for (;😉 循环一次，把前驱节点的 waitStatus 改为 -1，再 for (;😉 循环一 次尝试 tryAcquireShared(1) 如果还不成功，那么在 parkAndCheckInterrupt() 处 park。
又继续执行：t3 r.lock，t4 w.lock
这种状态下，假设又有 t3 加读锁和 t4 加写锁，这期间 t1 仍然持有锁，就变成了下面的样子
继续执行 t1 w.unlock
这时会走到写锁的 sync.release(1) 流程，调用 sync.tryRelease(1) 成功，变成下面的样子
接下来执行唤醒流程 sync.unparkSuccessor，即让老二恢复运行，这时 t2 在 doAcquireShared 内 parkAndCheckInterrupt() 处恢复运行，图中的t2从黑色变成了蓝色（注意这里只是恢复运行而已，并没有获取到锁！） 这回再来一次 for (;; ) 执行 tryAcquireShared 成功则让读锁计数加一
这时 t2 已经恢复运行，接下来 t2 调用 setHeadAndPropagate(node, 1)，它原本所在节点被置为头节点
事情还没完，在 setHeadAndPropagate 方法内还会检查下一个节点是否是 shared，如果是则调用 doReleaseShared() 将 head 的状态从 -1 改为 0 并唤醒老二，这时 t3 在 doAcquireShared 内 parkAndCheckInterrupt() 处恢复运行.
这回再来一次 for (;; ) 执行 tryAcquireShared 成功则让读锁计数加一
这时 t3 已经恢复运行，接下来 t3 调用 setHeadAndPropagate(node, 1)，它原本所在节点被置为头节点
再继续执行t2 r.unlock，t3 r.unlock t2
进入 sync.releaseShared(1) 中，调用 tryReleaseShared(1) 让计数减一，但由于计数还不为零
t3 进入 sync.releaseShared(1) 中，调用 tryReleaseShared(1) 让计数减一，这回计数为零了，进入 doReleaseShared() 将头节点从 -1 改为 0 并唤醒老二，即
之后 t4 在 acquireQueued 中 parkAndCheckInterrupt 处恢复运行，再次 for (;; ) 这次自己是老二，并且没有其他 竞争，tryAcquire(1) 成功，修改头结点，流程结束
源码分析：
写锁上锁流程
static final class NonfairSync extends Sync {
// ... 省略无关代码
// 外部类 WriteLock 方法, 方便阅读, 放在此处
public void lock() {
sync.acquire(1);
}
// AQS 继承过来的方法, 方便阅读, 放在此处
public final void acquire(int arg) {
if (
// 尝试获得写锁失败
!tryAcquire(arg) &&
// 将当前线程关联到一个 Node 对象上, 模式为独占模式
// 进入 AQS 队列阻塞
acquireQueued(addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE), arg)
) {
selfInterrupt();
}
}
// Sync 继承过来的方法, 方便阅读, 放在此处
protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
// 获得低 16 位, 代表写锁的 state 计数
Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
int c = getState();
int w = exclusiveCount(c);
if (c != 0) {
if (
// c != 0 and w == 0 表示有读锁返回错误，读锁不支持锁升级, 或者
w == 0 ||
// c != 0 and w == 0 表示有写，如果 exclusiveOwnerThread 不是自己
current != getExclusiveOwnerThread()
) {
// 获得锁失败
return false;
}
// 写锁计数超过低 16 位, 报异常
if (w + exclusiveCount(acquires) > MAX_COUNT)
throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
// 写锁重入, 获得锁成功
setState(c + acquires);
return true;
}
if (
// 判断写锁是否该阻塞这里返回false, 或者
writerShouldBlock() ||
// 尝试更改计数失败
!compareAndSetState(c, c + acquires)
) {
// 获得锁失败
return false;
}
// 获得锁成功
setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
return true;
}
// 非公平锁 writerShouldBlock 总是返回 false, 无需阻塞
final boolean writerShouldBlock() {
return false;
}
}
写锁释放流程：
static final class NonfairSync extends Sync {
// ... 省略无关代码
// WriteLock 方法, 方便阅读, 放在此处
public void unlock() {
sync.release(1);
}
// AQS 继承过来的方法, 方便阅读, 放在此处
public final boolean release(int arg) {
// 尝试释放写锁成功
if (tryRelease(arg)) {
// unpark AQS 中等待的线程
Node h = head;
if (h != null && h.waitStatus != 0)
unparkSuccessor(h);
return true;
}
return false;
}
// Sync 继承过来的方法, 方便阅读, 放在此处
protected final boolean tryRelease(int releases) {
if (!isHeldExclusively())
throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
int nextc = getState() - releases;
// 因为可重入的原因, 写锁计数为 0, 才算释放成功
boolean free = exclusiveCount(nextc) == 0;
if (free) {
setExclusiveOwnerThread(null);
}
setState(nextc);
return free;
}
}
读锁上锁流程
static final class NonfairSync extends Sync {
// ReadLock 方法, 方便阅读, 放在此处
public void lock() {
sync.acquireShared(1);
}
// AQS 继承过来的方法, 方便阅读, 放在此处
public final void acquireShared(int arg) {
// tryAcquireShared 返回负数, 表示获取读锁失败
if (tryAcquireShared(arg) < 0) {
doAcquireShared(arg);
}
}
// Sync 继承过来的方法, 方便阅读, 放在此处
protected final int tryAcquireShared(int unused) {
Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
int c = getState();
// 如果是其它线程持有写锁, 获取读锁失败
if (
exclusiveCount(c) != 0 &&
getExclusiveOwnerThread() != current
) {
return -1;
}
int r = sharedCount(c);
if (
// 读锁不该阻塞(如果老二是写锁，读锁该阻塞), 并且
!readerShouldBlock() &&
// 小于读锁计数, 并且
r < MAX_COUNT &&
// 尝试增加计数成功
compareAndSetState(c, c + SHARED_UNIT)
) {
// ... 省略不重要的代码
return 1;
}
return fullTryAcquireShared(current);
}
// 非公平锁 readerShouldBlock 看 AQS 队列中第一个节点是否是写锁
// true 则该阻塞, false 则不阻塞
final boolean readerShouldBlock() {
return apparentlyFirstQueuedIsExclusive();
}
// AQS 继承过来的方法, 方便阅读, 放在此处
// 与 tryAcquireShared 功能类似, 但会不断尝试 for (;;) 获取读锁, 执行过程中无阻塞
final int fullTryAcquireShared(Thread current) {
HoldCounter rh = null;
for (;;) {
int c = getState();
if (exclusiveCount(c) != 0) {
if (getExclusiveOwnerThread() != current)
return -1;
} else if (readerShouldBlock()) {
// ... 省略不重要的代码
}
if (sharedCount(c) == MAX_COUNT)
throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
if (compareAndSetState(c, c + SHARED_UNIT)) {
// ... 省略不重要的代码
return 1;
}
}
}
// AQS 继承过来的方法, 方便阅读, 放在此处
private void doAcquireShared(int arg) {
// 将当前线程关联到一个 Node 对象上, 模式为共享模式
final Node node = addWaiter(Node.SHARED);
boolean failed = true;
try {
boolean interrupted = false;
for (;;) {
final Node p = node.predecessor();
if (p == head) {
// 再一次尝试获取读锁
int r = tryAcquireShared(arg);
// 成功
if (r >= 0) {
// ㈠
// r 表示可用资源数, 在这里总是 1 允许传播
//（唤醒 AQS 中下一个 Share 节点）
setHeadAndPropagate(node, r);
p.next = null; // help GC
if (interrupted)
selfInterrupt();
failed = false;
return;
}
}
if (
// 是否在获取读锁失败时阻塞（前一个阶段 waitStatus == Node.SIGNAL）
shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) &&
// park 当前线程
parkAndCheckInterrupt()
) {
interrupted = true;
}
}
} finally {
if (failed)
cancelAcquire(node);
}
}
// ㈠ AQS 继承过来的方法, 方便阅读, 放在此处
private void setHeadAndPropagate(Node node, int propagate) {
Node h = head; // Record old head for check below
// 设置自己为 head
setHead(node);
// propagate 表示有共享资源（例如共享读锁或信号量）
// 原 head waitStatus == Node.SIGNAL 或 Node.PROPAGATE
// 现在 head waitStatus == Node.SIGNAL 或 Node.PROPAGATE
if (propagate > 0 || h == null || h.waitStatus < 0 ||
(h = head) == null || h.waitStatus < 0) {
Node s = node.next;
// 如果是最后一个节点或者是等待共享读锁的节点
if (s == null || s.isShared()) {
// 进入 ㈡
doReleaseShared();
}
}
}
// ㈡ AQS 继承过来的方法, 方便阅读, 放在此处
private void doReleaseShared() {
// 如果 head.waitStatus == Node.SIGNAL ==> 0 成功, 下一个节点 unpark
// 如果 head.waitStatus == 0 ==> Node.PROPAGATE, 为了解决 bug, 见后面分析，参考这里：http://www.tianxiaobo.com/2018/05/01/AbstractQueuedSynchronizer-%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90-%E7%8B%AC%E5%8D%A0-%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/#5propagate-%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81%E5%AD%98%E5%9C%A8%E7%9A%84%E6%84%8F%E4%B9%89
for (;;) {
Node h = head;
// 队列还有节点
if (h != null && h != tail) {
int ws = h.waitStatus;
if (ws == Node.SIGNAL) {
if (!compareAndSetWaitStatus(h, Node.SIGNAL, 0))
continue; // loop to recheck cases
// 下一个节点 unpark 如果成功获取读锁
// 并且下下个节点还是 shared, 继续 doReleaseShared
unparkSuccessor(h);
}
else if (ws == 0 &&
!compareAndSetWaitStatus(h, 0, Node.PROPAGATE))
continue; // loop on failed CAS
}
if (h == head) // loop if head changed
break;
}
}
}
读锁释放流程
static final class NonfairSync extends Sync {
// ReadLock 方法, 方便阅读, 放在此处
public void unlock() {
sync.releaseShared(1);
}
// AQS 继承过来的方法, 方便阅读, 放在此处
public final boolean releaseShared(int arg) {
if (tryReleaseShared(arg)) {
doReleaseShared();
return true;
}
return false;
}
// Sync 继承过来的方法, 方便阅读, 放在此处
protected final boolean tryReleaseShared(int unused) {
// ... 省略不重要的代码
for (;;) {
int c = getState();
int nextc = c - SHARED_UNIT;
if (compareAndSetState(c, nextc)) {
// 读锁的计数不会影响其它获取读锁线程, 但会影响其它获取写锁线程
// 计数为 0 才是真正释放
return nextc == 0;
}
}
}
// AQS 继承过来的方法, 方便阅读, 放在此处
private void doReleaseShared() {
// 如果 head.waitStatus == Node.SIGNAL ==> 0 成功, 下一个节点 unpark
// 如果 head.waitStatus == 0 ==> Node.PROPAGATE
for (;;) {
Node h = head;
if (h != null && h != tail) {
int ws = h.waitStatus;
// 如果有其它线程也在释放读锁，那么需要将 waitStatus 先改为 0
// 防止 unparkSuccessor 被多次执行
if (ws == Node.SIGNAL) {
if (!compareAndSetWaitStatus(h, Node.SIGNAL, 0))
continue; // loop to recheck cases
unparkSuccessor(h);
}
// 如果已经是 0 了，改为 -3，用来解决传播性，见后文信号量 bug 分析
else if (ws == 0 &&
!compareAndSetWaitStatus(h, 0, Node.PROPAGATE))
continue; // loop on failed CAS
}
if (h == head) // loop if head changed
break;
}
}
}
long stamp = lock.readLock();
lock.unlockRead(stamp);
long stamp = lock.writeLock();
lock.unlockWrite(stamp);
long stamp = lock.tryOptimisticRead();
// 验戳
if(!lock.validate(stamp)){
// 锁升级
}
代码实现：
public class Code_14_StampedLockTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
StampedLockDataContainer dataContainer = new StampedLockDataContainer(1);
Thread t1 = new Thread(() -> {
try {
System.out.println(dataContainer.read(1));
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}, "t1");
t1.start();
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(500);
Thread t2 = new Thread(() -> {
// try {
// dataContainer.read(0);
// } catch (InterruptedException e) {
// e.printStackTrace();
// }
dataContainer.write(10);
}, "t2");
t2.start();
}
}
@Slf4j(topic = "c.StampedLockDataContainer")
class StampedLockDataContainer {
private int data;
private StampedLock stampedLock = new StampedLock();
public StampedLockDataContainer(int data) {
this.data = data;
}
public int read(int readTime) throws InterruptedException {
long stamp = stampedLock.tryOptimisticRead();
log.info("optimistic read locking ...{}", stamp);
Thread.sleep(readTime * 1000);
if(stampedLock.validate(stamp)) {
log.info("read finish... {}", stamp);
return data;
}
// 锁升级 - 读锁
log.info("update to read lock ...");
try {
stamp = stampedLock.readLock();
log.info("read lock {}", stamp);
Thread.sleep(readTime * 1000);
log.info("read finish ... {}", stamp);
return data;
} finally {
stampedLock.unlockRead(stamp);
}
}
public void write(int newData) {
long stamp = stampedLock.writeLock();
try {
log.info("write lock {}", stamp);
this.data = newData;
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
log.info("write finish ... {}", stamp);
log.info("write newData ... {}", this.data);
} finally {
stampedLock.unlockWrite(stamp);
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 1. 创建一个对象
Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(3);
// 2. 开 10 个线程
for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
new Thread(() -> {
// 获取一个许可
try {
semaphore.acquire();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
log.info("start ...");
Thread.sleep(1000);
log.info("end ....");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
semaphore.release();
}
}, "t" + (i + 1)).start();;
}
}
static final class NonfairSync extends Sync {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -2694183684443567898L;
NonfairSync(int permits) {
// permits 即 state
super(permits);
}
// Semaphore 方法, 方便阅读, 放在此处
public void acquire() throws InterruptedException {
sync.acquireSharedInterruptibly(1);
}
// AQS 继承过来的方法, 方便阅读, 放在此处
public final void acquireSharedInterruptibly(int arg)
throws InterruptedException {
if (Thread.interrupted())
throw new InterruptedException();
if (tryAcquireShared(arg) < 0)
doAcquireSharedInterruptibly(arg);
}
// 尝试获得共享锁
protected int tryAcquireShared(int acquires) {
return nonfairTryAcquireShared(acquires);
}
// Sync 继承过来的方法, 方便阅读, 放在此处
final int nonfairTryAcquireShared(int acquires) {
for (;;) {
int available = getState();
int remaining = available - acquires;
if (
// 如果许可已经用完, 返回负数, 表示获取失败, 进入 doAcquireSharedInterruptibly
remaining < 0 ||
// 如果 cas 重试成功, 返回正数, 表示获取成功
compareAndSetState(available, remaining)
) {
return remaining;
}
}
}
// AQS 继承过来的方法, 方便阅读, 放在此处
private void doAcquireSharedInterruptibly(int arg) throws InterruptedException {
final Node node = addWaiter(Node.SHARED);
boolean failed = true;
try {
for (;;) {
final Node p = node.predecessor();
if (p == head) {
// 再次尝试获取许可
int r = tryAcquireShared(arg);
if (r >= 0) {
// 成功后本线程出队（AQS）, 所在 Node设置为 head
// 如果 head.waitStatus == Node.SIGNAL ==> 0 成功, 下一个节点 unpark
// 如果 head.waitStatus == 0 ==> Node.PROPAGATE
// r 表示可用资源数, 为 0 则不会继续传播
setHeadAndPropagate(node, r);
p.next = null; // help GC
failed = false;
return;
}
}
// 不成功, 设置上一个节点 waitStatus = Node.SIGNAL, 下轮进入 park 阻塞
if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) &&
parkAndCheckInterrupt())
throw new InterruptedException();
}
} finally {
if (failed)
cancelAcquire(node);
}
}
// Semaphore 方法, 方便阅读, 放在此处
public void release() {
sync.releaseShared(1);
}
// AQS 继承过来的方法, 方便阅读, 放在此处
public final boolean releaseShared(int arg) {
if (tryReleaseShared(arg)) {
doReleaseShared();
return true;
}
return false;
}
// Sync 继承过来的方法, 方便阅读, 放在此处
protected final boolean tryReleaseShared(int releases) {
for (;;) {
int current = getState();
int next = current + releases;
if (next < current) // overflow
throw new Error("Maximum permit count exceeded");
if (compareAndSetState(current, next))
return true;
}
}
}
@Slf4j(topic = "c.CountDownLatch")
public class Code_16_CountDownLatchTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
method3();
}
public static void method1() throws InterruptedException {
CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(3);
new Thread(() -> {
log.info("t1 start ...");
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
log.info("t1 end ...");
countDownLatch.countDown();
}, "t1").start();
new Thread(() -> {
log.info("t2 start ...");
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
log.info("t2 end ...");
countDownLatch.countDown();
}, "t2").start();
new Thread(() -> {
log.info("t3 start ...");
try {
Thread.sleep(1500);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
log.info("t3 end ...");
countDownLatch.countDown();
}, "t3").start();
log.info("main wait ...");
countDownLatch.await();
log.info("main wait end ...");
}
public static void method2() throws InterruptedException {
CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(3);
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(4);
executorService.submit(() -> {
log.info("t1 start ...");
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
countDownLatch.countDown();
log.info("t1 end ...{}", countDownLatch.getCount());
});
executorService.submit(() -> {
log.info("t2 start ...");
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
log.info("t2 end ...{}", countDownLatch.getCount());
countDownLatch.countDown();
});
executorService.submit(() -> {
log.info("t3 start ...");
try {
Thread.sleep(1500);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
log.info("t3 end ...{}", countDownLatch.getCount());
countDownLatch.countDown();
});
executorService.submit(() -> {
log.info("main wait ...");
try {
countDownLatch.await();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
log.info("main wait end ...");
executorService.shutdown();
});
}
public static void method3() throws InterruptedException {
CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(10);
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
String[] all = new String[10];
Random random = new Random();
for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
int id = i;
executorService.submit(() -> {
for (int j = 0; j <= 100; j++) {
try {
Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(100));
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
all[id] = j + "%";
System.out.print("\r" + Arrays.toString(all));
}
countDownLatch.countDown();
});
}
countDownLatch.await();
System.out.println();
System.out.println("游戏开始");
executorService.shutdown();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier = new CyclicBarrier(2, () -> {
log.info("task2 finish ...");
});
for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
executorService.submit(() -> {
log.info("task1 begin ...");
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
cyclicBarrier.await();
} catch (InterruptedException | BrokenBarrierException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
executorService.submit(() -> {
log.info("task2 begin ...");
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
cyclicBarrier.await();
} catch (InterruptedException | BrokenBarrierException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
}
executorService.shutdown();
}
public class LinkedBlockingQueue<E> extends AbstractQueue<E>
implements BlockingQueue<E>, java.io.Serializable {
static class Node<E> {
E item;
/**
* One of:
* - the real successor Node(真正的后继节点)
* - this Node, meaning the successor is head.next(自己, 发生在出队的时候)
* - null, meaning there is no successor (this is the last node)(null, 表示没有后继节点, 是最后了)
*/
Node<E> next;
Node(E x) { item = x; }
}
private void enqueue(Node<E> node) {
// assert putLock.isHeldByCurrentThread();
// assert last.next == null;
last = last.next = node;
}
private E dequeue() {
// assert takeLock.isHeldByCurrentThread();
// assert head.item == null;
Node<E> h = head;
Node<E> first = h.next;
h.next = h; // help GC
head = first;
E x = first.item;
first.item = null;
return x;
}
高明之处在于用了两把锁和 dummy 节点
线程安全分析
// 用于 put(阻塞) offer(非阻塞)
private final ReentrantLock putLock = new ReentrantLock();
// 用户 take(阻塞) poll(非阻塞)
private final ReentrantLock takeLock = new ReentrantLock();
public void put(E e) throws InterruptedException {
if (e == null) throw new NullPointerException();
int c = -1;
Node<E> node = new Node<E>(e);
final ReentrantLock putLock = this.putLock;
// count 用来维护元素计数
final AtomicInteger count = this.count;
putLock.lockInterruptibly();
try {
// 满了等待
while (count.get() == capacity) {
// 倒过来读就好: 等待 notFull
notFull.await();
}
// 有空位, 入队且计数加一
enqueue(node);
c = count.getAndIncrement();
// 除了自己 put 以外, 队列还有空位, 由自己叫醒其他 put 线程
if (c + 1 < capacity)
notFull.signal();
} finally {
putLock.unlock();
}
// 如果队列中有一个元素, 叫醒 take 线程
if (c == 0)
// 这里调用的是 notEmpty.signal() 而不是 notEmpty.signalAll() 是为了减少竞争
signalNotEmpty();
}
public E take() throws InterruptedException {
E x;
int c = -1;
final AtomicInteger count = this.count;
final ReentrantLock takeLock = this.takeLock;
takeLock.lockInterruptibly();
try {
while (count.get() == 0) {
notEmpty.await();
}
x = dequeue();
c = count.getAndDecrement();
if (c > 1)
notEmpty.signal();
} finally {
takeLock.unlock();
}
// 如果队列中只有一个空位时, 叫醒 put 线程
// 如果有多个线程进行出队, 第一个线程满足 c == capacity, 但后续线程 c < capacity
if (c == capacity)
// 这里调用的是 notFull.signal() 而不是 notFull.signalAll() 是为了减少竞争
signalNotFull()
return x;
}
主要列举 LinkedBlockingQueue 与 ArrayBlockingQueue 的性能比较