官方介绍
我的理解：du是document的简写形式。
Ubuntu的du命名解释详情：man du输出内容：
DU(1) User Commands DU(1)
NAME
du - estimate file space usage
SYNOPSIS
du [OPTION]... [FILE]...
du [OPTION]... --files0-from=F
DESCRIPTION
Summarize disk usage of the set of FILEs, recursively for directories.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
-0, --null
end each output line with NUL, not newline
-a, --all
write counts for all files, not just directories
--apparent-size
print apparent sizes, rather than disk usage; although the apparent size is
usually smaller, it may be larger due to holes in ('sparse') files, internal
fragmentation, indirect blocks, and the like
-B, --block-size=SIZE
scale sizes by SIZE before printing them; e.g., '-BM' prints sizes in units
of 1,048,576 bytes; see SIZE format below
-b, --bytes
equivalent to '--apparent-size --block-size=1'
-c, --total
produce a grand total
-D, --dereference-args
dereference only symlinks that are listed on the command line
-d, --max-depth=N
print the total for a directory (or file, with --all) only if it is N or
fewer levels below the command line argument; --max-depth=0 is the same as
--summarize
--files0-from=F
summarize disk usage of the NUL-terminated file names specified in file F;
if F is -, then read names from standard input
-H equivalent to --dereference-args (-D)
-h, --human-readable
print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
--inodes
list inode usage information instead of block usage
-k like --block-size=1K
-L, --dereference
dereference all symbolic links
-l, --count-links
count sizes many times if hard linked
-m like --block-size=1M
-P, --no-dereference
don't follow any symbolic links (this is the default)
-S, --separate-dirs
for directories do not include size of subdirectories
--si like -h, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
-s, --summarize
display only a total for each argument
-t, --threshold=SIZE
exclude entries smaller than SIZE if positive, or entries greater than SIZE
if negative
--time show time of the last modification of any file in the directory, or any of
its subdirectories
--time=WORD
show time as WORD instead of modification time: atime, access, use, ctime or
status
--time-style=STYLE
show times using STYLE, which can be: full-iso, long-iso, iso, or +FORMAT;
FORMAT is interpreted like in 'date'
-X, --exclude-from=FILE
exclude files that match any pattern in FILE
--exclude=PATTERN
exclude files that match PATTERN
-x, --one-file-system
skip directories on different file systems
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit
Display values are in units of the first available SIZE from --block-size, and the
DU_BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE and BLOCKSIZE environment variables. Otherwise, units
default to 1024 bytes (or 512 if POSIXLY_CORRECT is set).
The SIZE argument is an integer and optional unit (example: 10K is 10*1024). Units
are K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y (powers of 1024) or KB,MB,... (powers of 1000).
PATTERNS
PATTERN is a shell pattern (not a regular expression). The pattern ? matches any
one character, whereas * matches any string (composed of zero, one or multiple
characters). For example, *.o will match any files whose names end in .o. There‐
fore, the command
du --exclude='*.o'
will skip all files and subdirectories ending in .o (including the file .o itself).
AUTHOR
Written by Torbjorn Granlund, David MacKenzie, Paul Eggert, and Jim Meyering.
REPORTING BUGS
GNU coreutils online help: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
Report du translation bugs to <http://translationproject.org/team/>
COPYRIGHT
Copyright © 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3
or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO
WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
SEE ALSO
Full documentation at: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/du>
or available locally via: info '(coreutils) du invocation'
GNU coreutils 8.28 January 2018 DU(1)
简单介绍
du - estimate file space usage：估计文件空间使用情况。
Summarize disk usage of the set of FILEs, recursively for directories.：递归遍历目录。
默认设置(不指定文件夹、不带选项的情况下)：
- 默认情况下遍历当前目录下的所有文件和目录、以及子目录。相当于加了
-a。
- 容量表示磁盘使用量；单位为kb，相当于加了
--block-size=1k。
- 最后面会显示当前文件夹的总的大小。
举例：
$ du
……
40 ./03H5游戏/八款经典HTML5小游戏源码/08/js
20 ./03H5游戏/八款经典HTML5小游戏源码/08/src/views
89 ./03H5游戏/八款经典HTML5小游戏源码/08/src
4795 ./03H5游戏/八款经典HTML5小游戏源码/08
18476 ./03H5游戏/八款经典HTML5小游戏源码
19308 ./03H5游戏
82260 .
常用选项
与单位相关的选项
–apparent-size
print apparent sizes, rather than disk usage; although the apparent size is
usually smaller, it may be larger due to holes in (‘sparse’) files, internal
fragmentation, indirect blocks, and the like
显示文件的表面的大小，而不是默认的磁盘使用量（–block-size=1k）。一般情况下都会比磁盘使用量少，如果你有注意的话window的容量也是有两种显示的。
$ du --max-depth=1 --apparent-size
19 ./.git
15163 ./00实用模板
13076 ./00登录模板
8666 ./01H5
2004 ./01H5-CSS3
9371 ./01H5-CSS3-3D
621 ./01H5-SVG
11226 ./02H5-Canvas
18598 ./03H5游戏
78742 .
$ du --max-depth=1
48 ./.git
15970 ./00实用模板
13831 ./00登录模板
9069 ./01H5
2190 ./01H5-CSS3
9535 ./01H5-CSS3-3D
675 ./01H5-SVG
11623 ./02H5-Canvas
19308 ./03H5游戏
82260 .
-B, --block-size=SIZE
scale sizes by SIZE before printing them; e.g., ‘-BM’ prints sizes in units
of 1,048,576 bytes; see SIZE format below
The SIZE argument is an integer and optional unit (example: 10K is 10*1024). Units
are K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y (powers of 1024) or KB,MB,… (powers of 1000).
注：这里不区分大小写，如：K和k是一样的。
以什么单位显示块的大小。-B需要结合下面的选项一起使用。如：
$ du -BK --max-depth=1
48K ./.git
15970K ./00实用模板
13831K ./00登录模板
9069K ./01H5
2190K ./01H5-CSS3
9535K ./01H5-CSS3-3D
675K ./01H5-SVG
11623K ./02H5-Canvas
19308K ./03H5游戏
82260K .
$ du -BM --max-depth=1
1M ./.git
16M ./00实用模板
14M ./00登录模板
9M ./01H5
3M ./01H5-CSS3
10M ./01H5-CSS3-3D
1M ./01H5-SVG
12M ./02H5-Canvas
19M ./03H5游戏
81M .
长命令格式（和下面的效果一样）：
$ du --max-depth=1 --block-size=1k
48 ./.git
15970 ./00实用模板
13831 ./00登录模板
9069 ./01H5
2190 ./01H5-CSS3
9535 ./01H5-CSS3-3D
675 ./01H5-SVG
11623 ./02H5-Canvas
19308 ./03H5游戏
82260 .
$ du --max-depth=1 --block-size=1m
1 ./.git
16 ./00实用模板
14 ./00登录模板
9 ./01H5
3 ./01H5-CSS3
10 ./01H5-CSS3-3D
1 ./01H5-SVG
12 ./02H5-Canvas
19 ./03H5游戏
81 .
-b, --bytes
equivalent to ‘–apparent-size --block-size=1’
（文件的表面大小）单位为字节。
-k
like --block-size=1K
单位为kb。
-m
like --block-size=1M
单位为mb。
与遍历深度相关的选项
-s, --summarize
display only a total for each argument
只显示当前目录的总的大小。
$ du --summarize
82260 .
-d, --max-depth=N
print the total for a directory (or file, with --all) only if it is N or
fewer levels below the command line argument; --max-depth=0 is the same as
–summarize
指定遍历深度，如果不指定表示遍历到底；如果是0，同--summarize只显示总大小；如果是1，表示只遍历当前目录，不递归遍历子目录（如果有的话）。
$ du --max-depth=0
82260 .
$ du --max-depth=1
48 ./.git
15970 ./00实用模板
13831 ./00登录模板
9069 ./01H5
2190 ./01H5-CSS3
9535 ./01H5-CSS3-3D
675 ./01H5-SVG
11623 ./02H5-Canvas
19308 ./03H5游戏
82260 .
-h, --human-readable
print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
形象的显示单位，使其更加易读。
$ du -h --max-depth=1
48K ./.git
16M ./00实用模板
14M ./00登录模板
8.9M ./01H5
2.2M ./01H5-CSS3
9.4M ./01H5-CSS3-3D
675K ./01H5-SVG
12M ./02H5-Canvas
19M ./03H5游戏
81M .
常用案例介绍
1.直观地显示当前目录文件大小：du -sh
$ du -sh
81M .
2.直观地显示当前目录文件内所有文件大小,不递归：du -h --max-depth=1
$ du -h --max-depth=1
48K ./.git
16M ./00实用模板
14M ./00登录模板
8.9M ./01H5
2.2M ./01H5-CSS3
9.4M ./01H5-CSS3-3D
675K ./01H5-SVG
12M ./02H5-Canvas
19M ./03H5游戏
81M .
3.指定文件/文件夹du file
$ ls
00登录模板/ 01H5/ 01H5-CSS3-3D/ 02H5-Canvas/ LICENSE.txt
00实用模板/ 01H5-CSS3/ 01H5-SVG/ 03H5游戏/ README.md
# 指定文件
$ du LICENSE.txt
4 LICENSE.txt
# 指定文件夹
du 01H5/
……
260 01H5/html5音乐播放器音频播放代码/img
96 01H5/html5音乐播放器音频播放代码/js
196 01H5/html5音乐播放器音频播放代码/mp3
609 01H5/html5音乐播放器音频播放代码
1 01H5/火花文字动画html5_css3_wenzdh/css
12 01H5/火花文字动画html5_css3_wenzdh/js
18 01H5/火花文字动画html5_css3_wenzdh
9069 01H5/
4.显示文件夹内所有文件大小du -a
如果不加-a，默认情况下只显示文件夹大小，不显示文件大小。
# -a, --all write counts for all files, not just directories
# 显示所有文件的大小，而不仅仅是文件夹
$ du -ah
1.4M ./1.5.0-阿里巴巴Java开发手册（华山版）.pdf
76K ./CollectHomework/CollectHomework-1.jpg
128K ./CollectHomework/CollectHomework-2.jpg
204K ./CollectHomework
56K ./hello-word/github-bootstrap语言识别情况.jpg
20K ./hello-word/github-hello-world1语言识别情况.jpg
28K ./hello-word/github-hello-world2语言识别情况.jpg
12K ./hello-word/github-hello-world语言识别情况.jpg
64K ./hello-word/github语言识别情况.jpg
52K ./hello-word/hello-world-github.png
16K ./hello-word/hello-world-github1.png
252K ./hello-word
1.9M
5.排除某文件du --exclude=""
如果不加路径参数，默认是查询当前文件夹的文件大小。
你也可以指定具体的文件（夹），就像这样：du -sh ./test/ ，查看test文件夹大小。
当然你也可以排除具体的文件（夹），就像这样：du -sh --exclude="./test/" ，当前目录的排除test文件夹后的其余文件的大小。
这篇文章也分享了一些案例：https://blog.csdn.net/learner198461/article/details/54602324
