如何使用 sed 替换源文件中的版权/许可证标头？

我需要用 Apache License 2.0 标头替换所有 Java 源文件中的 LGPL 许可证标头，即

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2012 Tyler Treat
 * 
 * This file is part of Project Foo.
 *
 * Project Foo is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * Project Foo is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 * along with Project Foo.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */

需要成为

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2012 Tyler Treat
 * 
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 * 
 *  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 * 
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

我认为最简单的方法是使用 sed 查找并替换所有出现的此版权标头。我是一个 Unix 新手，所以我在让命令按照我需要的方式工作时遇到了问题——特别是处理多行字符串。基本上，类似于下面的内容，除了相应的标题代替foo and bar:

find . -name "*.java" -print | xargs sed -i 's/foo/bar/g'

我知道 sed 一次只能处理一行，所以也许有更好的解决方案？

find . -name "*.java" -print0 | xargs -0 \
sed -i -e '/Project Foo is free software/,/along with Project Foo/c\
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");\
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at\
 *\
 *  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\
 *\
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,\
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\
 * limitations under the License.'

The c命令将行范围更改为指定文本。该范围由包含“Project Foo 是免费软件”的行到包含“与 Project Foo 一起”的行标识。 这-i选项sed表示 GNUsed;因此，我假设你有 GNUfind and xargs也，并且用过-print0 and -0以避免文件名中出现空格等问题。

为此，我可能会想把sed脚本写入文件（sed.script)，然后可以与以下命令一起使用：

find . -name "*.java" -exec sed -i -f sed.script {} +

我认为这更简洁，但情人眼里出西施。

只有一个问题：星号的对齐方式有点偏差，是否需要使用某种空白字符来缩进它们？我尝试在替换字符串中添加空格，但这似乎没有效果。

呃……这是我可以不需要的那种刺激（你也是）。似乎“更改”数据行上的前导空白被删除sed。好像是sed而不是bash;我得到了相同的结果ksh并且还使用脚本文件代替-e命令行上的选项。您无法在输出时编辑“更改”数据。

一个可行的技巧——但你可能不喜欢它：

$ cat sed.script
/Project Foo is free software/,/along with Project Foo/c\
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");\
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at\
 *\
 *  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\
 *\
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,\
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\
 * limitations under the License.
$ s2p -f sed.script > perl.script
$ find . -name "*.java" -exec perl -f perl.script -i.bak {} +
$

The s2p程序是 Perl 发行版的标准部分，它将sed脚本转换为 Perl 脚本，但它保留替换数据中的前导空格。我对此并不热衷，但我能想到的唯一选择是对每个文件进行两次遍历。替换数据可能是：

$ cat sed.script
/Project Foo is free software/,/along with Project Foo/c\
@*@ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");\
@*@ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\
@*@ You may obtain a copy of the License at\
@*@\
@*@  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\
@*@\
@*@ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\
@*@ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,\
@*@ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\
@*@ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\
@*@ limitations under the License.
$

完成主要文本替换后，您将执行以下操作：

$ find . -name "*.java" -exec sed -i 's/^@\*@/ */' {} +
$

这会追踪开始的行@*@并将该文本替换为 '*'（空白星号）。虽然没有那么整洁，但我相信你不会经常这样做。