conda 中的“根”环境是什么？它只是一个（仅）使用系统包的环境吗？
其他环境是否也使用系统包（我假设优先考虑它们的重复版本）？
或者我是否需要将所有软件包安装在我想要使用它们的环境中？
有没有办法将其配置为选项？
我安装了系统包，但在 conda 环境中无法导入它。
根环境只是您启动的环境。您只能访问已在当前 conda 环境中显式安装的 python 包。这是我的系统的样子。请注意，python 模块搜索列表 (sys.path) 中的所有路径都位于根 conda 文件夹中：
jmepple-lm:~ jmeppley$ conda env list
# conda environments:
#
anvio /Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/anvio
anvio2 /Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/anvio2
jupyter /Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/jupyter
snake /Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/snake
root * /Users/jmeppley/anaconda3
jmepple-lm:~ jmeppley$ python -c "import sys; print(\"\\n\".join(sys.path))"
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/lib/python35.zip
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/lib/python3.5
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/lib/python3.5/plat-darwin
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/lib/python3.5/lib-dynload
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/aeosa
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/galaxy_lib-17.5.9-py3.5.egg
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/mmtf_python-1.0.5-py3.5.egg
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pysftp-0.2.8-py3.5.egg
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/python_dateutil-2.3-py3.5.egg
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/setuptools-27.2.0-py3.5.egg
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/urllib3-1.12-py3.5.egg
当您切换 conda 环境时，python 现在将从特定于该环境的文件夹中提取 python 模块：
jmepple-lm:~ jmeppley$ source activate snake
(snake) jmepple-lm:~ jmeppley$ python -c "import sys; print(\"\\n\".join(sys.path))"
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/snake/lib/python35.zip
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/snake/lib/python3.5
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/snake/lib/python3.5/plat-darwin
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/snake/lib/python3.5/lib-dynload
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/snake/lib/python3.5/site-packages
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/snake/lib/python3.5/site-packages/mmtf_python-1.0.5-py3.5.egg
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/snake/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pysftp-0.2.8-py3.5.egg
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/snake/lib/python3.5/site-packages/python_dateutil-2.3-py3.5.egg
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/snake/lib/python3.5/site-packages/setuptools-27.2.0-py3.5.egg
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/snake/lib/python3.5/site-packages/urllib3-1.12-py3.5.egg
如果你想访问 python 模块，你必须在 conda 环境中显式安装它conda install XXX（推荐）或pip install XXX.
据我所知，没有简单的方法可以覆盖这种行为。
注意：对于非 python 程序则不然。执行路径中的任何程序将始终可用，并优先考虑通过 conda 安装的程序。这是因为 conda 安装位置位于 PATH 的开头。例如：
(snake) jmepple-lm:~ jmeppley$ echo $PATH
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/snake/bin:/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin
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