如何在 robolectric 中使用 findViewById()

我只是想用 robolectric 测试某个视图在片段中是否可见。 我的单元测试如下所示：

ActivityController controller = Robolectric.buildActivity(FragmentActivity.class);
FragmentActivity activity = (FragmentActivity) controller.create().start().resume().visible().get();

F fragment = new MyFragment();
activity.getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction()
        .add(fragment, FRAGMENT_TAG).commit();


View view = fragment.getView().findViewById(R.id.my_view);
assertEquals(view.getVisibility(), View.VISIBLE);

我正在使用最新的 android gradle 插件 1.1.3、robolectirc 2.4 和 robolectric gradle 插件 1.0.1，我的单元测试位于test文件夹（不是androidTest）。我无法编译该代码，因为编译器无法解析R.java.

My build.gradle:

buildscript {
  repositories {
    jcenter()
  }

  dependencies {
    classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:1.1.3'
    classpath 'com.neenbedankt.gradle.plugins:android-apt:1.4'
    classpath 'org.robolectric:robolectric-gradle-plugin:1.0.1'
  }
}

apply plugin: 'com.android.library'
apply plugin: 'com.neenbedankt.android-apt'
apply plugin: 'org.robolectric'


android { ... }

dependencies {
  compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])

  // Testing
  testCompile 'org.robolectric:robolectric:2.4'
  testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'

  // Other dependencies
  ...
}

如何使用 robolectric 编写这样的单元测试？

更新： 这是完整的代码：

public class TestFragment extends Fragment {

  @Override public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
      Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_listview_ptr, container, false);
  }
}


public class MyFragmentTest {

  private static final String FRAGMENT_TAG = "fragment";
  private ActivityController controller;
  private FragmentActivity activity;

  @Test
  protected void displaysContentView(boolean pullToRefreshSupported) {

    controller = Robolectric.buildActivity(FragmentActivity.class);
    activity = (FragmentActivity) controller.create().start().resume().visible().get();
    Fragment fragment = new TestFragment();

    FragmentManager manager = activity.getSupportFragmentManager();
    manager.beginTransaction()
        .add(fragment, FRAGMENT_TAG).commit();

    // Compile errors here
    View loadingView = fragment.getView().findViewById(R.id.loadingView);
    View contentView = fragment.getView().findViewById(R.id.contentView);
    View errorView = fragment.getView().findViewById(R.id.loadingView);

    Assert.assertNotSame(loadingView.getVisibility(), View.VISIBLE);
    Assert.assertNotSame(errorView.getVisibility(), View.VISIBLE);
    Assert.assertEquals(contentView.getVisibility(), View.VISIBLE);
  }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<FrameLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:gravity="center">


<android.support.v4.widget.SwipeRefreshLayout
      android:id="@+id/pull_to_refresh"
      android:layout_width="match_parent"
      android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <ListView
        android:id="@+id/contentView"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:cacheColorHint="#00000000"
        android:divider="@null"
        android:fadingEdge="none"
        android:fastScrollEnabled="false"
        android:footerDividersEnabled="false"
        android:headerDividersEnabled="false"
        android:listSelector="@color/transparent"
        android:drawSelectorOnTop="true"
        android:smoothScrollbar="false"
        android:scrollbars="none"/>
</android.support.v4.widget.SwipeRefreshLayout>

<TextView
      android:id="@+id/errorView"
      android:layout_width="wrap_content"
      android:layout_height="wrap_content"
      android:visibility="gone"
      android:text="@string/error_loading_retry"
      android:layout_gravity="center"
      android:gravity="center"
      android:layout_centerInParent="true"
      android:drawableTop="@drawable/error_no_connection"
      android:drawablePadding="12dp"
      android:textColor="@color/gray_dark"
      android:padding="16dp"
      />

<fr.castorflex.android.circularprogressbar.CircularProgressBar
      android:id="@+id/loadingView"
      android:layout_width="40dp"
      android:layout_height="40dp"
      android:indeterminate="true"
      android:layout_gravity="center"
      android:layout_centerInParent="true"
      android:visibility="gone"
      />

</FrameLayout>

代码可以在这里找到：https://github.com/sockeqwe/RobolectircTest

Update:

我建议继续更新到 Robolectric 3.0。

用以下内容注释你的类：

@RunWith(CustomRobolectricRunner.class)
@Config(emulateSdk = 21, reportSdk = 21)

RobolectricGradleTestRunner.java：

https://github.com/nenick/AndroidStudioAndRobolectric/blob/master/app/src/test/java/com/example/myapplication/CustomRobolectricRunner.java

更新您的build.gradle:

apply plugin: 'com.android.application' // <-- for some reason, com.android.library is not working correctly
apply plugin: 'org.robolectric'

android {
    compileSdkVersion 22
    buildToolsVersion "22.0.0"

    defaultConfig {
        minSdkVersion 14
        targetSdkVersion 22
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"
    }
    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }
}

dependencies {
    compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.0.0'

    testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'
    testCompile 'org.apache.maven:maven-ant-tasks:2.1.3'
    testCompile('org.robolectric:shadows-support-v4:3.0-SNAPSHOT') {
        exclude group: 'commons-logging', module: 'commons-logging'
        exclude group: 'org.apache.httpcomponents', module: 'httpclient'
    }
}

原来的：

Using Robolectric.buildActivity(FragmentActivity.class);用于测试Activitys.

请编辑您的MyFragmentTest看起来像这样：

@RunWith(CustomRobolectricRunner.class)
@Config(emulateSdk = 21, reportSdk = 21)
public class MyFragmentTest {

  @Test
  public void testAppFragmentStart() {
    final TestFragment fragment = new TestFragment();

    SupportFragmentTestUtil.startFragment(fragment, FragmentActivity.class);

    // My test examples - hamcrest matchers
    Assert.assertThat(fragment, CoreMatchers.not(CoreMatchers.nullValue()));
    Assert.assertThat(fragment.getView(), CoreMatchers.not(CoreMatchers.nullValue()));
    Assert.assertThat(fragment.getActivity(), CoreMatchers.not(CoreMatchers.nullValue()));
    Assert.assertThat(fragment.getActivity(), CoreMatchers.instanceOf(FragmentActivity.class));

    // Your tests
    View loadingView = fragment.getView().findViewById(R.id.loadingView);
    View contentView = fragment.getView().findViewById(R.id.contentView);
    View errorView = fragment.getView().findViewById(R.id.errorView);

    Assert.assertNotSame(loadingView.getVisibility(), View.VISIBLE);
    Assert.assertNotSame(errorView.getVisibility(), View.VISIBLE);
    Assert.assertEquals(contentView.getVisibility(), View.VISIBLE);
  }
}