我正在尝试使用最初使用 MMC 的“证书”管理单元导入到 Windows 10 计算机上的 CurrentUser 密钥库中的 X509 证书。相同的过程已在 Windows 8.1 计算机上进行了测试,得到了相同的结果。
使用标准 PowerShell PKI 模块,我使用 Get-Item 获取 X509Certificate2 对象:
$my_cert = Get-Item Cert:\CurrentUser\My\ADAA82188A17THUMBPRINTXXXXXXXXXXX
的输出$my_cert | fl *
如下:
PSPath : Microsoft.PowerShell.Security\Certificate::CurrentUser\My\XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
PSParentPath : Microsoft.PowerShell.Security\Certificate::CurrentUser\My
PSChildName : XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
PSDrive : Cert
PSProvider : Microsoft.PowerShell.Security\Certificate
PSIsContainer : False
EnhancedKeyUsageList : {Secure Email (1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.4), IP security user (1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.7), Encrypting File
System (1.3.6.1.4.1.311.10.3.4), Document Signing (1.3.6.1.4.1.311.10.3.12)...}
DnsNameList : {My Name}
SendAsTrustedIssuer : False
EnrollmentPolicyEndPoint : Microsoft.CertificateServices.Commands.EnrollmentEndPointProperty
EnrollmentServerEndPoint : Microsoft.CertificateServices.Commands.EnrollmentEndPointProperty
PolicyId : {D52C406F-C279-4BF2-B7C2-EE704290DB3E}
Archived : False
Extensions : {System.Security.Cryptography.Oid, System.Security.Cryptography.Oid,
System.Security.Cryptography.Oid, System.Security.Cryptography.Oid...}
FriendlyName :
IssuerName : System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X500DistinguishedName
NotAfter : 4/15/2017 2:15:16 PM
NotBefore : 4/15/2016 2:15:16 PM
HasPrivateKey : True
PrivateKey :
PublicKey : System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.PublicKey
RawData : {56, 130, 19, 252...}
SerialNumber : 4F0000002F700000000000000000000000
SubjectName : System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X500DistinguishedName
SignatureAlgorithm : System.Security.Cryptography.Oid
Thumbprint : XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Version : 3
Handle : 2241663016272
Issuer : CN=Issuing CA, DC=My, DC=Domain, DC=us
Subject : [email protected], CN=My Name
所以 HasPrivateKey == True,但 PrivateKey == null。我一直在试图找出如何访问私钥来执行加密和解密。我在网上看到的示例似乎都表明 X509Certificate2 类的 PrivateKey 属性应该随时可用,但显然我错过了一些东西。
我在这里读过类似的问题,例如x509certificate2 中的私钥为空,但似乎没有一个能解决我的问题。我也读过在 .NET 中使用 X.509 证书的八个技巧Paul Stovell 写的,很有启发性,但最终没有帮助。它确实帮助我验证私钥是否存在于正确的位置,并且据我所知,具有由 x509Certificate2 类引用的正确权限:
C:\Users\My.Name\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\My\Keys
密钥文件的名称与证书上的主题密钥标识符匹配。
Edit:
的输出certutil -user -store my "Serial Number"
is:
Serial Number: 4f000000xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Issuer: CN=Issuing CA, DC=My, DC=Domain, DC=us
NotBefore: 4/15/2016 2:15 PM
NotAfter: 4/15/2017 2:15 PM
Subject: [email protected], CN=My Name
Non-root Certificate
Template: Userv1, User v1
Cert Hash(sha1): ad ab 82 18 8a 17 4d 75 11 04 48 7c 43 43 d4 05 b9 74 c8 4c
Key Container = te-Userv1-xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx
Unique container name: fcbba1aa0xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx_xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx
Provider = Microsoft Software Key Storage Provider
Encryption test passed
CertUtil: -store command completed successfully.
我在这里缺少什么“关键”信息?为什么不能从 X509Certificate2 对象方便地引用私钥?我如何访问它?