没有可用的事务性 EntityManager

我是 jpa 和 spring 世界的新手，目前正在对一个简单的方法进行一些单元测试，但仅当我在单元测试模式下运行测试类时才会收到此错误消息：

java.lang.IllegalStateException: No transactional EntityManager available
at org.springframework.orm.jpa.SharedEntityManagerCreator$SharedEntityManagerInvocationHandler.invoke(SharedEntityManagerCreator.java:223)
at $Proxy19.unwrap(Unknown Source)
at com.gemstone.integration.PersonDao.getPersonByUserNamePassword(PersonDao.java:59)
at com.gemstone.integration.PersonDaoTest.getPersonByUserNamePassword_Exist(PersonDaoTest.java:37)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:44)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:41)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:20)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.java:74)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.java:82)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.SpringRepeat.evaluate(SpringRepeat.java:72)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:240)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:49)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:193)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:52)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:191)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:42)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:184)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:236)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:180)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)

然而，当我运行我的项目时，代码工作正常，它可以正确检索数据（不在单元测试模式下）。

请在下面找到我的单元测试所基于的方法：

@PersistenceContext
private EntityManager entityManager;
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public boolean getPersonByUserNamePassword(String firsName, String password) {

    String hql = "from Person p where p.firstName = :firsName and p.password =:password";
    Session mysession = entityManager.unwrap(Session.class);

    Query query = mysession.createQuery(hql);
    query.setParameter("firsName", firsName);
    query.setParameter("password", password);
    List<Person> results = query.list();

    if (results != null && results.size() > 0) {

        return true;
    }
    return false;

}

我的单元测试如下：

@TestExecutionListeners({ DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.class })
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)

@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:/Intcontext.xml" })

public class PersonDaoTest {

    @Autowired
    PersonDao personDao;

    @Transactional
    @Test
    public void getPersonByUserNamePassword_Exist() {

        String firsName = "Andy";
        String password = "123";

        boolean isUserExists = personDao.getPersonByUserNamePassword(firsName,
                password);

        Assert.assertTrue(isUserExists);
    }

}

有什么想法为什么我收到 No transactional EntityManager available 错误吗？:(

提前致谢。

通过声明

@TestExecutionListeners({ DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.class })

你已经完全（尽管是无意的）disabled支持测试管理事务。原因是你省略了TransactionalTestExecutionListener从声明的听众列表中。

但请注意，TransactionalTestExecutionListener默认情况下是透明声明的。因此，当您删除您的@TestExecutionListeners来自您的测试类的声明，TransactionalTestExecutionListener再次启用。

当然你可以找到详细信息在 Spring 参考手册中.

Regards,

Sam（Spring TestContext 框架的作者；））