为什么我的 Python 代码会出现“未定义”错误？

如果变量“key”返回到解密函数中，为什么它无法被识别？错误显示“NameError：全局名称'key'未定义”以下是代码：

alphabet = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
alphaList = list(alphabet)
text = "g fmnc wms bgblr rpylqjyrc gr zw fylb. rfyrq ufyr amknsrcpq ypc dmp. bmgle gr gl zw fylb gq glcddgagclr ylb rfyr'q ufw rfgq rcvr gq qm jmle. sqgle qrpgle.kyicrpylq() gq pcamkkclbcb. lmu ynnjw ml rfc spj"

def createKey(aList):
    key = []
    count = 0
    for letter in aList:
        if count < 24:
            key.append(aList[count + 2])
        else:
            key.append(aList[count - 24])
        count += 1
    return key

def decrypt(text):
    createKey(alphaList)
    decryptedList = []
    textList = list(text)
    for c in textList:
        if c in alphaList:
            index = alphaList.index(c)       
            decryptedList.append(key[index])    
        else:
            decryptedList.append(c)
    decryptedText = "".join(decryptedList)
    return decryptedText

print decrypt(text)

你从不分配key:

createKey(alphaList)

将其更改为：

key = createKey(alphaList)

发生这种情况是因为key in createKey(alphaList)是的一部分createKey名称范围。尽管您返回了它，但您并没有将其创建为decrypt名称范围。

或者，您可以使用全局变量，但我不建议这样做，特别是因为通过分配可以轻松解决key in decrypt():

alphabet = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
alphaList = list(alphabet)
text = "g fmnc wms bgblr rpylqjyrc gr zw fylb. rfyrq ufyr amknsrcpq ypc dmp. bmgle gr gl zw fylb gq glcddgagclr ylb rfyr'q ufw rfgq rcvr gq qm jmle. sqgle qrpgle.kyicrpylq() gq pcamkkclbcb. lmu ynnjw ml rfc spj"
key = []

def createKey(aList):
    global key
    # everything else
    # no need to return, the `global key` has been changed

def decrypt(text):
    global key
    createKey(alphaList)
    # everything else

参考：

• Python 名称范围