在 Linux 上使用 cmake 独立编译 PahoMqttCpp 示例

2023-12-02

My goal

...就是使用示例代码async_subscribe.cpp来自 PahoMqttCpp 项目 (https://github.com/eclipse/paho.mqtt.cpp）作为一个独立的应用程序，然后根据我的需要对其进行修改。

我的方法

预赛

在最新型号的 Raspberry pi 上（uname -a--> 4.14.98-v7+ #1200 SMP Tue Feb 12 20:27:48 GMT 2019 armv7l GNU/Linux）我已按照 PahoMqttCpp README.md 文件中的描述进行操作。我成功编译了C库（v1.2.1），然后成功编译了Cpp部分，最后将两个库安装到/usr/local/lib。在此过程中，没有发生任何错误。

我的项目

然后，作为我自己项目的开始，我复制了async_subscribe.cpp从 PahoMqttCpp 示例到一个空目录并开始构建CMakeLists.txt来编译它。天真地，我从这个版本开始：

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
add_library(PahoMqttC SHARED IMPORTED)
set_target_properties(PahoMqttC PROPERTIES IMPORTED_LOCATION /usr/share/lib/libpaho-mqtt3a.so)
set(THREADS_PREFER_PTHREAD_FLAG ON)
find_package(Threads REQUIRED)
find_package(PahoMqttCpp REQUIRED)
add_executable(async_subscribe async_subscribe.cpp)
include_directories(${PahoMqttCpp_INCLUDE_DIRS})
target_link_libraries(async_subscribe ${PahoMqttCpp_LIBRARIES})
target_link_libraries(async_subscribe ${PahoMqttC_LIBRARIES})
install(TARGETS async_subscribe RUNTIME DESTINATION bin)

下列cmake -Bbuild -H.命令没有显示错误，输出是

pi@homepi:~/Develop/CppMosquitto/example $ cmake -Bbuild -H.
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 6.3.0
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 6.3.0
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- works
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Detecting C compile features
-- Detecting C compile features - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Detecting CXX compile features
-- Detecting CXX compile features - done
-- Looking for pthread.h
-- Looking for pthread.h - found
-- Looking for pthread_create
-- Looking for pthread_create - not found
-- Check if compiler accepts -pthread
-- Check if compiler accepts -pthread - yes
-- Found Threads: TRUE  
-- Found PahoMqttC: /usr/local/lib/libpaho-mqtt3a.so  
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /home/pi/Develop/CppMosquitto/example/build

下列cmake --build build/命令反而显示没有编译错误，但显示很多链接器错误

[ 50%] Linking CXX executable async_subscribe
CMakeFiles/async_subscribe.dir/async_subscribe.cpp.o: In function `main':
async_subscribe.cpp:(.text+0x154): undefined reference to `mqtt::connect_options::connect_options()'
async_subscribe.cpp:(.text+0x188): undefined reference to `mqtt::async_client::async_client(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, mqtt::iclient_persistence*)'
async_subscribe.cpp:(.text+0x1b0): undefined reference to `mqtt::async_client::set_callback(mqtt::callback&)'
async_subscribe.cpp:(.text+0x1e0): undefined reference to `mqtt::connect_options::connect_options(mqtt::connect_options const&)'
async_subscribe.cpp:(.text+0x200): undefined reference to `mqtt::async_client::connect(mqtt::connect_options, void*, mqtt::iaction_listener&)'
async_subscribe.cpp:(.text+0x2e4): undefined reference to `mqtt::async_client::~async_client()'
async_subscribe.cpp:(.text+0x43c): undefined reference to `mqtt::async_client::~async_client()'
CMakeFiles/async_subscribe.dir/async_subscribe.cpp.o: In function `mqtt::async_client::disconnect()':
async_subscribe.cpp:(.text._ZN4mqtt12async_client10disconnectEv[_ZN4mqtt12async_client10disconnectEv]+0x2c): undefined reference to `mqtt::disconnect_options::disconnect_options()'
CMakeFiles/async_subscribe.dir/async_subscribe.cpp.o: In function `callback::reconnect()':
async_subscribe.cpp:(.text._ZN8callback9reconnectEv[_ZN8callback9reconnectEv]+0x68): undefined reference to `mqtt::connect_options::connect_options(mqtt::connect_options const&)'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
CMakeFiles/async_subscribe.dir/build.make:94: die Regel für Ziel „async_subscribe“ scheiterte
make[2]: *** [async_subscribe] Fehler 1
CMakeFiles/Makefile2:67: die Regel für Ziel „CMakeFiles/async_subscribe.dir/all“ scheiterte
make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/async_subscribe.dir/all] Fehler 2
Makefile:127: die Regel für Ziel „all“ scheiterte
make: *** [all] Fehler 2

从PahoMqttCpp文档中，我了解到Cpp库需要PahoMqttC库。在 PahoMqttCpp 库的 CMakeLists.txt 文件中，C 部分包含在一行中find_package(PahoMqttC REQUIRED) (https://github.com/eclipse/paho.mqtt.cpp/blob/master/src/CMakeLists.txt第 26 行）。但这在第一个 cmake 命令中也会给我带来错误。

CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:6 (find_package):
  By not providing "FindPahoMqttC.cmake" in CMAKE_MODULE_PATH this project
  has asked CMake to find a package configuration file provided by
  "PahoMqttC", but CMake did not find one.

  Could not find a package configuration file provided by "PahoMqttC" with
  any of the following names:

    PahoMqttCConfig.cmake
    pahomqttc-config.cmake

  Add the installation prefix of "PahoMqttC" to CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH or set
  "PahoMqttC_DIR" to a directory containing one of the above files.  If
  "PahoMqttC" provides a separate development package or SDK, be sure it has
  been installed.

添加一行set(CMAKE_MODULE_PATH /usr/local/lib/cmake/PahoMqttCpp)添加到 CMakeLists.txt 文件可以避免第一个 cmake 命令中的错误，但构建目录中的 make commnad 会失败并出现相同的未定义引用。

我缺少什么？我还没有在非常复杂的项目中使用过 cmake，但我认为我理解了建立一个简单项目的基本方法......直到现在。我非常感谢 cmake 专家的提示！

尝试第一个答案的方法后进行编辑

不幸的是，我仍然收到错误：

pi@homepi:~/Develop/CppMosquitto/example $ cmake -Bbuild -H.
-- Looking for pthread.h
-- Looking for pthread.h - found
-- Looking for pthread_create
-- Looking for pthread_create - not found
-- Check if compiler accepts -pthread
-- Check if compiler accepts -pthread - yes
-- Found Threads: TRUE  
-- Configuring done
CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:10 (add_executable):
  Target "async_subscribe" links to target "PahoMqttCpp::PahoMqttCpp" but the
  target was not found.  Perhaps a find_package() call is missing for an
  IMPORTED target, or an ALIAS target is missing?


-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /home/pi/Develop/CppMosquitto/example/build

Update

这是我目前的CMakeLists.txt file

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
find_package(PahoMqttCpp REQUIRED)
add_executable(async_subscribe async_subscribe.cpp)
target_link_libraries(async_subscribe PahoMqttCpp::PahoMqttCpp)
install(TARGETS async_subscribe RUNTIME DESTINATION bin)

这仍然会产生上面的错误，我不知道如何修复它。

我有同样的错误，我可能已经找到了解决方案。请尝试按如下方式更改命令。

作为静态库；

target_link_libraries(async_subscribe PahoMqttCpp::paho-mqttpp3-static)

作为共享对象；

target_link_libraries(async_subscribe PahoMqttCpp::paho-mqttpp3)

您可以发现该库的名称如上所示\<prefix\>/lib/cmake/PahoMqttCpp/PahoMqttCppTargets.cmake.

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