在函数内部创建方法

我正在尝试在函数内创建方法。我可以这样做：

function sample() {};
sample.show = function() { alert() };

我会看到警报呼叫sample.show();。但出于代码美化的原因，我想将所有方法声明移至函数内。我尝试过：

function sample() {
    sample.show = function() { alert() };
}

但我得到：TypeError: Object function sample() has no method 'show'我尝试过的另一种方法：

function sample() {
    this.show = function() { alert() };
}
function sample() {
    sample.prototype.show = function() { alert() };
}
function sample() {
    this.prototype.method = function show () { alert() };
}

但结果是一样的。我什至找不到任何有关在函数内部创建方法的信息。你能给我指出正确的方法吗？

UPD: 我想要有打电话的能力sample()函数也做了一些事情。所以目前还没有答案。

function sample() {
    this.show = function() { alert() };
    console.log('you called "sample()"');
}
sample(); // ==> you called "sample()"

第一次尝试：

function sample() {
    sample.show = function() { alert() };
}

这只会在sample函数并且只有在执行它之后

console.log(sample.show);
//would show undefined on the console
sample();
console.log(sample.show);
//would then show the method definition as it has now been
//defined as a property of "sample"

第二次尝试：

function sample() {
    this.show = function() { alert() };
}

仅当您创建示例实例时这才有效

console.log(sample.show);
//will print undefined as there is no property "show" on sample
sample();
console.log(window.show);
//will print the function, but since sample was executed without a
//context, show is created as a property of the global object
//in this case "window"
var d = new sample();
console.log(d.show);
//will print the function as we now have a instance of sample which
//show was made a property of
console.log(sample.prototype.show);
//will show undefined as you are not actually creating the "show" method
//on the constructor sample's prototype

现在有了原型版本：

function sample() {
    sample.prototype.show = function() { alert() };
}

有了这个之后，您将能够通过实例或原型链访问“show”方法，但是为了使原型链调用正常工作，您必须至少事先创建一个实例

console.log(sample.prototype.show);
//will print undefined as "show" has not been defined on the prototype yet
var d = new sample();
console.log(d.show);
console.log(sample.prototype.show);
//Both will now print the function because the method has been defined

然而最后一个：

function sample() {
    this.prototype.method = function show () { alert() };
}

根本不起作用，因为您无法直接从实例访问原型，一旦尝试创建实例，您将收到未定义的错误。

为了让它工作，你必须通过构造函数链来设置方法

function sample() {
    this.constructor.prototype.method = function show () { alert() };
    //is the same as doing
    sample.prototype.method = function show(){ alert() };
}

所以总的来说，为了让你的“美化”发挥作用，你必须打电话sample首先，要么直接为第一个，要么为其他创建一个实例。