Ruby 新手，刚刚开始 Rails 之旅。
已经搜索过 stackoverflow 但很多这些问题都是很久以前的事了。我的英文不好，请耐心看我的描述。这是我的情况，希望我说清楚。
I'm on windows。 当我在线学习 Ruby 课程时，我安装了一个旧环境-- ruby2.7.4 与 Rails 7.0.1。
昨天我想用更新的 ruby 环境完成一个新项目——所以我安装了 ruby3.1.0，但是当我尝试为这个新的 Ruby 版本安装 Rails，发生错误。
这是我的环境：
C:\Users\Administrator>uru ls
274p191 : ruby 2.7.4p191 (2021-07-07 revision a21a3b7d23) [x64-mingw32]
310p0 : ruby 3.1.0p0 (2021-12-25 revision fb4df44d16) [x64-mingw-ucrt]
C:\Users\Administrator>ruby -v
ruby 3.1.0p0 (2021-12-25 revision fb4df44d16) [x64-mingw-ucrt]
C:\Users\Administrator>gem -v
3.3.6
C:\Users\Administrator>d:
D:\>cd RubyDevkit
D:\RubyDevkit>ruby dk.rb install
[INFO] Skipping existing gem override for 'D:/Ruby27-x64'
[WARN] Skipping existing DevKit helper library for 'D:/Ruby27-x64'
[INFO] Skipping existing gem override for 'D:/Ruby31-x64'
[WARN] Skipping existing DevKit helper library for 'D:/Ruby31-x64'
D:\RubyDevkit>
如你所见，我当前的 ruby 版本是 3.1.0，我想我已经安装了Devkit我的红宝石都成功了。
and I have intalled MSYS2 as well (although I dont know why ruby need it, but I have met another ERROR which remind me to install MSYS and add it to PATH)
我认为在遇到此错误之前我已经正确完成了所有操作：
C:\Users\Administrator>gem install rails
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
ERROR: Error installing rails:
ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
current directory: D:/Ruby31-x64/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/websocket-driver-0.7.5/ext/websocket-driver
D:/Ruby31-x64/bin/ruby.exe -I D:/Ruby31-x64/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.1.0 -r ./siteconf20220128-11340-9w9ez5.rb extconf.rb
creating Makefile
current directory: D:/Ruby31-x64/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/websocket-driver-0.7.5/ext/websocket-driver
make DESTDIR\= clean
current directory: D:/Ruby31-x64/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/websocket-driver-0.7.5/ext/websocket-driver
make DESTDIR\=
make failedNo such file or directory - make
Gem files will remain installed in D:/Ruby31-x64/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/websocket-driver-0.7.5 for inspection.
Results logged to D:/Ruby31-x64/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/extensions/x64-mingw-ucrt/3.1.0/websocket-driver-0.7.5/gem_make.out
我为ruby2.7.4安装rails时没有出现异常（同一命令刚刚完成，没有错误或警告）。
我在网上找不到类似的情况。有人可以帮忙吗？
感谢评论，确实发人深省。遵循一些计划（虽然失败了）
我尝试安装 gemwebsocket-driver 分别地，得到同样的错误：
C:\Users\Administrator>gem install websocket-driver:0.7.5
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
ERROR: Error installing websocket-driver:
ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
current directory: D:/Ruby31-x64/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/websocket-driver-0.7.5/ext/websocket-driver
D:/Ruby31-x64/bin/ruby.exe -I D:/Ruby31-x64/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.1.0 -r ./siteconf20220129-3864-wqfhn2.rb extconf.rb
creating Makefile
current directory: D:/Ruby31-x64/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/websocket-driver-0.7.5/ext/websocket-driver
make DESTDIR\= clean
current directory: D:/Ruby31-x64/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/websocket-driver-0.7.5/ext/websocket-driver
make DESTDIR\=
make failedNo such file or directory - make
Gem files will remain installed in D:/Ruby31-x64/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/websocket-driver-0.7.5 for inspection.
Results logged to D:/Ruby31-x64/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/extensions/x64-mingw-ucrt/3.1.0/websocket-driver-0.7.5/gem_make.out
(delete这个 gem 来自根目录和重新安装也得到了相同的结果）
然后我厌倦了这个宝石形式Bundler.rubygems.org, and 本地安装。遇到同样的错误：
C:\Users\Administrator>d:
D:\>cd rubyDownloads
D:\rubyDownloads>gem install websocket-driver-0.7.5.gem --local
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
ERROR: Error installing websocket-driver-0.7.5.gem:
ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
current directory: D:/Ruby31-x64/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/websocket-driver-0.7.5/ext/websocket-driver
D:/Ruby31-x64/bin/ruby.exe -I D:/Ruby31-x64/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.1.0 -r ./siteconf20220129-5896-885p1m.rb extconf.rb
creating Makefile
current directory: D:/Ruby31-x64/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/websocket-driver-0.7.5/ext/websocket-driver
make DESTDIR\= clean
current directory: D:/Ruby31-x64/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/websocket-driver-0.7.5/ext/websocket-driver
make DESTDIR\=
make failedNo such file or directory - make
Gem files will remain installed in D:/Ruby31-x64/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/websocket-driver-0.7.5 for inspection.
Results logged to D:/Ruby31-x64/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/extensions/x64-mingw-ucrt/3.1.0/websocket-driver-0.7.5/gem_make.out
现在问题变成：the gem websocket-driver 任何其他依赖它的 gem 都无法成功安装，错误如上所示。
刚放假回来，假期期间这个问题就解决了。请原谅我到现在才记得关闭这个问题。XD
在Josien的评论的帮助下，问题已经缩小到gem install websocket-driver失败的。在stackoverflow上比较容易找到这个问题——尝试安装 gem websocket-driver-0.7.3 时出错
最后，我只通过输入解决了这个问题ridk install (使 MSYS2 适用于 ruby3.0.1)——我已经安装了MSYS2并使其在ruby2.7.4下工作，但如果你想让它同样适用于ruby3.0.1，你需要在ruby3.0.1下执行此命令。
安装MSYS2 for ruby 3.0.1后，rails安装成功。
C:\Users\Administrator>Uru ls
274p191 : ruby 2.7.4p191 (2021-07-07 revision a21a3b7d23) [x64-mingw32]
310p0 : ruby 3.1.0p0 (2021-12-25 revision fb4df44d16) [x64-mingw-ucrt]
C:\Users\Administrator>ruby -v
ruby 3.1.0p0 (2021-12-25 revision fb4df44d16) [x64-mingw-ucrt]
C:\Users\Administrator>ridk install
_____ _ _____ _ _ _ ___
| __ \ | | |_ _| | | | | | |__ \
| |__) | _| |__ _ _ | | _ __ ___| |_ __ _| | | ___ _ __ ) |
| _ / | | | '_ \| | | | | | | '_ \/ __| __/ _` | | |/ _ \ '__/ /
| | \ \ |_| | |_) | |_| |_| |_| | | \__ \ || (_| | | | __/ | / /_
|_| \_\__,_|_.__/ \__, |_____|_| |_|___/\__\__,_|_|_|\___|_||____|
__/ | _
|___/ _|_ _ __ | | o __ _| _ _
| (_) | |^| | | |(_|(_)\^/_>
1 - MSYS2 base installation
2 - MSYS2 system update (optional)
3 - MSYS2 and MINGW development toolchain
Which components shall be installed? If unsure press ENTER [1,3] 1,3
> sh -lc true
MSYS2 seems to be properly installed
Install MSYS2 and MINGW development toolchain ...
> pacman -S --needed --noconfirm autoconf autogen automake-wrapper diffutils file
...
...
...
Install MSYS2 and MINGW development toolchain succeeded
1 - MSYS2 base installation
2 - MSYS2 system update (optional)
3 - MSYS2 and MINGW development toolchain
Which components shall be installed? If unsure press ENTER []
C:\Users\Administrator>gem install rails
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
Successfully installed websocket-driver-0.7.5
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
Successfully installed nio4r-2.5.8
Successfully installed actioncable-7.0.2
Successfully installed rails-7.0.2
Parsing documentation for websocket-driver-0.7.5
Installing ri documentation for websocket-driver-0.7.5
Parsing documentation for nio4r-2.5.8
Installing ri documentation for nio4r-2.5.8
Parsing documentation for actioncable-7.0.2
Installing ri documentation for actioncable-7.0.2
Parsing documentation for rails-7.0.2
Installing ri documentation for rails-7.0.2
Done installing documentation for websocket-driver, nio4r, actioncable, rails after 2 seconds
4 gems installed
C:\Users\Administrator>rails -v
Rails 7.0.2