按字符串的组成部分对字符串列表进行排序

一个长列表包含一些要排序的元素。

实际上每个元素有4个内容：名称、进/出、区域和日期&时间，以‘~’连接。 （“~”可以更改。）我想将列表重新组织为排序顺序。

a_list = ["Chris~Check-in~Zoom A~11/13/2013 05:20",
"Chris~Check-in~Zoom G~11/15/2013 14:09",
"Frank E~Check-in~Zoom K~11/11/2013 08:48",
"Frank E~Check-in~Zoom K~11/15/2013 21:32",
"Kala Lu S~Check-in~Zoom N~11/13/2013 07:20",
"Milly Emily~Check-in~Zoom G~11/13/2013 01:08",
"Milly Emily~Check-in~Zoom E~11/16/2013 14:39",
"Milly Amy~Check-in~Zoom G~11/10/2013 20:14",
"Milly Amy~Check-in~Zoom A~11/16/2013 08:55",
"Milly Amy~Check-in~Zoom O~11/14/2013 21:57",
"Milly Amy~Check-in~Zoom A~11/15/2013 10:45",
"Nago Iko~Check-in~Zoom K~11/16/2013 20:42",
"Nago Iko~Check-in~Zoom K~11/14/2013 10:46",
"Liz D~Check-in~Zoom N~11/15/2013 01:46",
"Liz D~Check-in~Zoom A~11/12/2013 09:54",
"Liz D~Check-in~Zoom G~11/16/2013 13:15",
"Chris~Check-out~Zoom A~11/13/2013 13:42",
"Chris~Check-out~Zoom G~11/11/2013 14:21",
"Chris~Check-out~Zoom G~11/16/2013 09:41",
"Frank E~Check-out~Zoom K~11/14/2013 03:02",
"House P~Check-out~Zoom K~11/10/2013 11:17",
"Kala Lu S~Check-out~Zoom G~11/11/2013 23:27",
"Kala Lu S~Check-out~Zoom N~11/14/2013 11:17"]

它可以导入到 MS Excel 中并进行排序，但我想知道 Python 是否可以完成这项工作。

是否可以按列表中的顺序对它们进行排序：1.名称，2.日期和时间3.区域4.输入/输出？例如：

new_list = ["Chris~Check-out~Zoom G~11/08/2014 14:21",
"Chris~Check-in~Zoom A~11/10/2014 05:20",
"Chris~Check-out~Zoom A~11/10/2014 13:42",
"Chris~Check-in~Zoom G~11/12/2014 14:09",
"Chris~Check-out~Zoom G~11/13/2014 09:41",
"Frank E~Check-in~Zoom K~11/08/2014 08:48",
"Frank E~Check-out~Zoom K~11/11/2014 03:02",
"Frank E~Check-in~Zoom K~11/12/2014 21:32",
...
...]

Thanks.

您可以拆分列表，然后使用自定义排序key功能。但您需要先解析日期才能正确对它们进行排序。

import datetime

new_l = sorted((x.split('~') for x in l),
               key=lambda x: (x[0],
                              datetime.datetime.strptime(x[3], '%m/%d/%Y %H:%M'),
                              x[2],
                              x[1]))

The key function returns a tuple. Tuples are compared lexicographically; the first items are compared; if they are the same then the second items are compared, and so on.^[1]

或者，您可以分阶段排序。这将允许您指定要分别按升序或降序排序的列。

from operator import itemgetter

nl = [x.split('~') for x in l]

nl.sort(key=itemgetter(1))
nl.sort(key=itemgetter(2))
nl.sort(key=lambda x: datetime.datetime.strptime(x[3], '%m/%d/%Y %H:%M'),
        reverse=True) # Newest first
nl.sort(key=itemgetter(0))

请记住，这两种方法都会使新列表像这样分割：

new_list = [["Chris", "Check-out", "Zoom G", "11/08/2014 14:21"], ...]

如果您想将它们改回原来的形式，您可以join them:

new_list_joined = ['~'.join(x) for x in new_list]