如何使用递归构建螺旋方阵？

我想使用递归构建一个螺旋方阵。我可以使用迭代方法构建螺旋方阵，如下所示：

void main() 
{ 

    int initial_direction = UP , n = MAX , p = 1 ;    /* intial_direction 

    is set to UP because we need to start moving right */

    int r ,c , a[MAX][MAX]; 

    int row_right  = 0 , column_down = n-1 , row_left = n-1 , column_up = 0 ; 

    clrscr (); 

    //Set all elements of the matrix to 0 

    for(r = 0 ; r < MAX ; r++) 
    { 
        for(c = 0 ; c < MAX ; c++) 
            a[r][c] = 0 ; 

    } 


    //Generate elements of the spiral matrix 

    while(p != n*n+1) 
    { 

          if(initial_direction == UP) 
          { 
            //Move RIGHT 

            r = row_right++ ; 

            for(c = 0 ; c < n ; c++) 
            { 
                if(a[r][c] == 0) 
                    a[r][c] = p++; 

            } 




            initial_direction = RIGHT ; 
          } 
          else if(initial_direction == RIGHT) 
          { 
            //Move down 

            c = column_down-- ; 

            for(r = 0 ; r < n ; r++) 
            { 

                if(a[r][c] == 0) 
                    a[r][c] = p++; 
            } 


            initial_direction = DOWN ; 




          } 
          else if(initial_direction == DOWN) 
          { 
            //Move left 

            r = row_left-- ; 

            for(c = n-1 ; c >= 0 ; c--) 
            { 
                if(a[r][c] == 0) 
                    a[r][c] = p++; 

            } 

            initial_direction = LEFT ; 





          } 
          else if(initial_direction == LEFT) 
          { 
            //Move up 

            c = column_up++; 

            for(r = n-1 ; r >= 0 ; r--) 
            { 

                if(a[r][c] == 0) 
                  a[r][c] = p++; 

            } 


            initial_direction = UP ; 
          } 

    } 


    //Print the matrix 

    printf("\n\n"); 

    for(r = 0 ; r < MAX ; r++) 
    { 
          for(c = 0 ; c < MAX ; c++) 
          printf("%4d ",a[r][c]); 

          printf("\n"); 



    } 

}

我想使用递归创建相同的矩阵： 这是我使用的代码：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
bool s[5][5] = {0};
int counter;
typedef enum {
    right = 0,
    down,
    left,
    up
}c_flag;

c_flag flag;
int last;
int build_matrix(int a[5][5],int i,int j, c_flag flag)
{
    int ret;
    if (i < 0 || i>=5 || j < 0 || j >= 5)
    {
        if (last == right)
        {
            flag = down;
            last = flag;
        }
        if (last == down)
        {
            flag = left;
            last = flag;
        }
        if (last == left)
        {
            flag = up;
            last = flag;
        }
        if (last == up)
        {
            flag = left;
            last = flag;
        }
        return false;
    }
    if (s[i][j] == true)
    {
        if (last == right)
        {
            flag = down;
            last = flag;
        }
        if (last == down)
        {
            flag = left;
            last = flag;
        }
        if (last == left)
        {
            flag = up;
            last = flag;
        }
        if (last == up)
        {
            flag = left;
            last = flag;
        }
        return false;
    }
    if(s[i][j] == false)
    {
        s[i][j] = true;
        a[i][j] = ++ counter;
    }
    if (flag == right)
    {
        ret = build_matrix(a,i,j+1,right);
        //if (!ret)
        //  return false;
    }
    flag = down;
    last = flag;
    if (flag == down)
    {
        ret =build_matrix(a,i+1,j,down);
        //if (!ret)
        //  return false;
    }
    flag = left;
    last = flag;
    if (flag == left)
    {
        ret = build_matrix(a,i,j-1,left);
        //if (!ret)
        //  return false;
    }
    flag = up;
    last = flag;
    if (flag == up)
    {
        ret = build_matrix (a,i-1,j,up);
        //if (!ret)
        //  return false;
    }
    flag = right;
    last = flag;
    return false;
}

int main()
{
    int i, j, n = 5;
    int k, ret;
    //printf("Enter N to construct square matrix \n");
    //scanf("%d",&n);
    int a[5][5] = {0};
    k = n/2 + n%2;
    for (i = 0; i < k; i++)
    {
        ret = build_matrix(a,i,i,right);
    }
    for(i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        for(j = 0; j < n; j++)
            printf("%d",a[i][j]);
        printf("\n");
    }
    return 0;
}

我将上面的内容设置为：

1 2 3 4 5

16 19 22 25 6

15 18 21 24 7

14 17 20 23 8

13 12 11 10 9

代替

1 2 3 4 5

16 17 18 19 6

15 24 25 20 7

14 23 22 21 8

13 12 11 10 9

问题是标志设置不正确，我不知道哪个递归调用标志受到干扰。 请有人帮助实现使用递归。

#include <stdio.h>

void build_matrix(int msize, int a[msize][msize], int size, int value){
    int i, row, col;
    if(size < 1)
        return;
    row = col = (msize - size) / 2;
    if(size==1){
        a[row][col] = value;
        return;
    }
    for(i=0;i<size-1;++i)
        a[row][col++] = value++;//RIGHT
    for(i=0;i<size-1;++i)
        a[row++][col] = value++;//DOWN
    for(i=0;i<size-1;++i)
        a[row][col--] = value++;//LEFT
    for(i=0;i<size-1;++i)
        a[row--][col] = value++;//UP
    build_matrix(msize, a, size-2, value);
}

int main(){
    int size;
    printf("input size : ");
    scanf("%d", &size);
    int a[size][size];
    build_matrix(size, a, size, 1);
    for(int r=0;r<size;++r){
        for(int c=0;c<size;++c)
            printf("%3d ", a[r][c]);
        printf("\n");
    }

    return 0;
}