由于 Spring 目前缺乏对 Hibernate 4 的支持，我不得不将 Hibernate 从版本 4 降级到版本 3（具体来说是 3.3.2.GA），并且现在项目在尝试使用 hbm2ddl 生成模式时无法构建。这个错误太模糊了，谷歌搜索并没有得到太多结果。
这是我的 pom.xml：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.example</groupId>
<artifactId>example</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>Spring + Hibernate Example</name>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<spring.version>3.1.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
<hibernate.version>3.3.2.GA</hibernate.version>
<java.version>1.6</java.version>
</properties>
<build>
<extensions>
<extension>
<groupId>org.hsqldb</groupId>
<artifactId>hsqldb</artifactId>
<version>2.0.0</version>
</extension>
<extension>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.17</version>
</extension>
</extensions>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.0.2</version>
<configuration>
<source>${java.version}</source>
<target>${java.version}</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<!-- Run "mvn hibernate3:hbm2ddl" to generate schema -->
<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate3-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>generate-ddl</id>
<phase>process-classes</phase>
<goals>
<goal>hbm2ddl</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
<configuration>
<hibernatetool destdir="${project.build.directory}/generated">
<annotationConfiguration configurationfile="hibernate.cfg.xml"/>
<hbm2ddl export="false" create="true" update="true"
format="format" outputfilename="schemaDiff.ddl"/>
</hibernatetool>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<dependencies>
<!-- Inversion of Control: Spring Dependencies -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
<exclusions>
<!-- Exclude the problematic commons-logging -->
<exclusion>
<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>
<version>1.4</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Object Relational Mapping: Hibernate -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.transaction</groupId>
<artifactId>jta</artifactId>
<version>1.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate.javax.persistence</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-jpa-2.0-api</artifactId>
<version>1.0.1.Final</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Hibernate Annotations Dependencies -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-annotations</artifactId>
<version>3.5.6-Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-commons-annotations</artifactId>
<version>3.3.0.ga</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Database: HSQLDB -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hsqldb</groupId>
<artifactId>hsqldb</artifactId>
<version>2.0.0</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Connection Pool: C3P0 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>c3p0</groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>0.9.1.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Second-level caching: Ehcache -->
<dependency>
<groupId>ehcache</groupId>
<artifactId>ehcache</artifactId>
<version>1.2.3</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Logging: SLF4j & Log4J -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
<version>1.6.6</version>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>1.6.6</version>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>1.6.6</version>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.17</version>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- Testing: JUnit -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.10</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Testing: Spring -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
Running
mvn hibernate3:hbm2ddl
失败了
[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.codehaus.mojo:hibernate3-maven-plugin:3.0:hbm2ddl
(default-cli) on project example: There was an error creating the AntRun task.
NullPointerException -> [Help 1]
完整的堆栈跟踪是：
[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.codehaus.mojo:hibernate3-maven-plugin:3.0:hbm2ddl (default-cli) on project example: There was an error creating the AntRun task. NullPointerException -> [Help 1]
org.apache.maven.lifecycle.LifecycleExecutionException: Failed to execute goal org.codehaus.mojo:hibernate3-maven-plugin:3.0:hbm2ddl (default-cli) on project example: There was an error creating the AntRun task.
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute(MojoExecutor.java:217)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute(MojoExecutor.java:153)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute(MojoExecutor.java:145)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleModuleBuilder.buildProject(LifecycleModuleBuilder.java:84)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleModuleBuilder.buildProject(LifecycleModuleBuilder.java:59)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleStarter.singleThreadedBuild(LifecycleStarter.java:183)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleStarter.execute(LifecycleStarter.java:161)
at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.doExecute(DefaultMaven.java:319)
at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.execute(DefaultMaven.java:156)
at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.execute(MavenCli.java:537)
at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.doMain(MavenCli.java:196)
at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.main(MavenCli.java:141)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.launchEnhanced(Launcher.java:290)
at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.launch(Launcher.java:230)
at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.mainWithExitCode(Launcher.java:409)
at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.main(Launcher.java:352)
Caused by: org.apache.maven.plugin.MojoExecutionException: There was an error creating the AntRun task.
at org.codehaus.mojo.hibernate3.AbstractHibernateMojo.execute(AbstractHibernateMojo.java:84)
at org.apache.maven.plugin.DefaultBuildPluginManager.executeMojo(DefaultBuildPluginManager.java:101)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute(MojoExecutor.java:209)
... 19 more
Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException
at org.codehaus.plexus.configuration.DefaultPlexusConfiguration.add(DefaultPlexusConfiguration.java:174)
at org.codehaus.plexus.configuration.DefaultPlexusConfiguration.addChild(DefaultPlexusConfiguration.java:150)
at org.codehaus.mojo.hibernate3.util.PlexusConfigurationUtils.setHibernateConfiguration(PlexusConfigurationUtils.java:289)
at org.codehaus.mojo.hibernate3.util.PlexusConfigurationUtils.parseHibernateTool(PlexusConfigurationUtils.java:67)
at org.codehaus.mojo.hibernate3.AbstractHibernateToolMojo.getConfiguration(AbstractHibernateToolMojo.java:60)
at org.codehaus.mojo.hibernate3.AbstractHibernateMojo.execute(AbstractHibernateMojo.java:76)
... 21 more
希望有人能对此有所启发！
我在尝试从休眠模型中使 Maven 引导数据库时遇到了同样的问题（问题描述于在 Maven 测试上生成数据库架构（Hibernate）).
我让 hbm2ddl 与以下版本组合配合得很好：
Hibernate（运行时）：4.1.7.Final
hibernate3-maven-plugin: 3.6.10.Final，指定插件版本2.2
hibernate3-maven-plugin 的 hibernate-validator 依赖项：4.2.0.Final
下面是pom的相关部分：
版本：
<properties>
<org.hibernate.version>4.1.7.Final</org.hibernate.version>
<hibernate.maven.plugin.version>3.6.10.Final</hibernate.maven.plugin.version>
</properties>
hibernate3-maven-plugin 的定义：
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate3-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
<configuration>
<components>
<component>
<name>hbm2ddl</name>
<implementation>jpaconfiguration</implementation>
</component>
</components>
<componentProperties>
<outputfilename>schema.ddl</outputfilename>
<create>true</create>
<export>false</export>
<format>true</format>
<drop>false</drop>
<jdk5>true</jdk5>
<propertyfile>target/test-classes/application.properties</propertyfile>
<skip>${skipTests}</skip>
</componentProperties>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<phase>process-classes</phase>
<goals>
<goal>hbm2ddl</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate.maven.plugin.version}</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>cglib</groupId>
<artifactId>cglib</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate.maven.plugin.version}</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>cglib</groupId>
<artifactId>cglib</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
<version>4.2.0.Final</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
运行时依赖：
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>${org.hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
<version>${org.hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
我希望这有帮助。
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