MySQL为什么不使用最优索引

2023-12-13

我正在尝试优化我的查询,但是,MySQL 似乎在查询上使用了非最佳索引,我似乎无法弄清楚出了什么问题。我的查询如下:

SELECT  SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS deal_ID AS ID,dealTitle AS dealSaving,
       storeName AS title,deal_URL AS dealURL,dealDisclaimer,
       dealType, providerName,providerLogo AS providerIMG,createDate,
       latitude AS lat,longitude AS lng,'local' AS type,businessType,
       address1,city,dealOriginalPrice,NULL AS dealDiscountPercent,
       dealPrice,scoringBase, smallImage AS smallimage,largeImage AS image,
       storeURL AS storeAlias,
       exp(-power(greatest(0, 
             abs(69.0*DEGREES(ACOS(0.82835377099147 *
               COS(RADIANS(latitude)) * COS(RADIANS(-118.4-longitude)) +
               0.56020534635454*SIN(RADIANS(latitude)))))-2),
                       2)/(5.7707801635559)) *
            scoringBase * IF(submit_ID IN (18381),
               IF(businessType = 1,1.3,1.2),IF(submit_ID IN (54727),1.19, 1)
                          ) AS distance
    FROM  local_deals
    WHERE  latitude BETWEEN 33.345362318841 AND 34.794637681159
      AND  longitude BETWEEN -119.61862872928 AND -117.18137127072
      AND  state = 'CA'
      AND  country = 'US'
    ORDER BY  distance DESC
    LIMIT  48 OFFSET 0; 

列出表上的索引显示:

+-------------+------------+-----------------+--------------+-----------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| Table       | Non_unique | Key_name        | Seq_in_index | Column_name     | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment |
+-------------+------------+-----------------+--------------+-----------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| local_deals |          0 | PRIMARY         |            1 | id              | A         |      193893 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |               |
| local_deals |          0 | unique_deal_ID  |            1 | deal_ID         | A         |      193893 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |               |
| local_deals |          1 | deal_ID         |            1 | deal_ID         | A         |      193893 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |               |
| local_deals |          1 | store_ID        |            1 | store_ID        | A         |      193893 |     NULL | NULL   | YES  | BTREE      |         |               |
| local_deals |          1 | storeOnline_ID  |            1 | storeOnline_ID  | A         |           3 |     NULL | NULL   | YES  | BTREE      |         |               |
| local_deals |          1 | storeChain_ID   |            1 | storeChain_ID   | A         |         117 |     NULL | NULL   | YES  | BTREE      |         |               |
| local_deals |          1 | userProvider_ID |            1 | userProvider_ID | A         |           5 |     NULL | NULL   | YES  | BTREE      |         |               |
| local_deals |          1 | expirationDate  |            1 | expirationDate  | A         |        3127 |     NULL | NULL   | YES  | BTREE      |         |               |
| local_deals |          1 | createDate      |            1 | createDate      | A         |       96946 |     NULL | NULL   | YES  | BTREE      |         |               | 
| local_deals |          1 | city            |            1 | city            | A         |       17626 |     NULL | NULL   | YES  | BTREE      |         |               |
| local_deals |          1 | state           |            1 | state           | A         |         138 |     NULL | NULL   | YES  | BTREE      |         |               |
| local_deals |          1 | zip             |            1 | zip             | A         |       38778 |     NULL | NULL   | YES  | BTREE      |         |               |
| local_deals |          1 | country         |            1 | country         | A         |          39 |     NULL | NULL   | YES  | BTREE      |         |               |
| local_deals |          1 | latitude        |            1 | latitude        | A         |      193893 |     NULL | NULL   | YES  | BTREE      |         |               |
| local_deals |          1 | longitude       |            1 | longitude       | A         |      193893 |     NULL | NULL   | YES  | BTREE      |         |               |
| local_deals |          1 | eventDate       |            1 | eventDate       | A         |        4215 |     NULL | NULL   | YES  | BTREE      |         |               |
| local_deals |          1 | isNowDeal       |            1 | isNowDeal       | A         |           3 |     NULL | NULL   | YES  | BTREE      |         |               |
| local_deals |          1 | businessType    |            1 | businessType    | A         |           5 |     NULL | NULL   | YES  | BTREE      |         |               |
| local_deals |          1 | dealType        |            1 | dealType        | A         |           5 |     NULL | NULL   | YES  | BTREE      |         |               |
| local_deals |          1 | submit_ID       |            1 | submit_ID       | A         |           5 |     NULL | NULL   | YES  | BTREE      |         |               |
+-------------+------------+-----------------+--------------+-----------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+

运行解释扩展显示:

+------+-------------+-------------+------+----------------------------------+-------+---------+-------+-------+----------+----------------------------------------------------+
| id   | select_type | table       | type | possible_keys                    | key   | key_len | ref   | rows  | filtered | Extra                                              |
+------+-------------+-------------+------+----------------------------------+-------+---------+-------+-------+----------+----------------------------------------------------+
|    1 | SIMPLE      | local_deals | ref  | state,country,latitude,longitude | state | 35      | const | 52472 |   100.00 | Using index condition; Using where; Using filesort |
+------+-------------+-------------+------+----------------------------------+-------+---------+-------+-------+----------+----------------------------------------------------+

表中有大约 200k 行。奇怪的是,它忽略了纬度和经度索引,因为这些索引应该更多地过滤表。运行一个查询,其中我删除了“州”和“国家”,其中命令显示以下解释:

+------+-------------+-------------+-------+--------------------+-----------+---------+------+-------+----------+----------------------------------------------------+
| id   | select_type | table       | type  | possible_keys      | key       | key_len | ref  | rows  | filtered | Extra                                              |
+------+-------------+-------------+-------+--------------------+-----------+---------+------+-------+----------+----------------------------------------------------+
|    1 | SIMPLE      | local_deals | range | latitude,longitude | longitude | 5       | NULL | 30662 |   100.00 | Using index condition; Using where; Using filesort |
+------+-------------+-------------+-------+--------------------+-----------+---------+------+-------+----------+----------------------------------------------------+

这表明经度索引可以更好地将表过滤到 30,662 行。我在这里错过了什么吗?我怎样才能让MySQL使用所有查询。请注意,该表是 InnoDB,我使用的是 MySQL 5.5。


最适合您的查询的索引是复合索引(country, state, latitude, longitude) (country and state可以互换)。 MySQL 有关于多列索引的很好的文档,这是here.

基本上,latitude and longitude个人并没有特别选择性。不幸的是,标准 B 树索引仅支持一种不等式,而您的查询有两种。

实际上,如果你想要GIS处理,那么你应该使用MySQL的空间扩展。

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