因此,在处理这些类型的问题时,通常最好减少Timer
你有,因为每个计时器都会将多个事件发布到事件调度队列(有自己的滴答更新以及重绘事件)。所有这些活动都会降低系统的性能。
动画也是随着时间变化的幻觉,为此,而不是尝试从起点循环到终点,您应该决定动画运行多长时间并计算时间进度并更新值相应地(这更多的是基于“时间线”的动画周期)。这有助于减少“滞后”的出现
通常我会使用时序框架来完成这个,但你也可以看看Trident框架或通用补间引擎它还为 Swing 提供复杂的动画支持。
这个例子与其目标非常紧密地结合在一起。就我个人而言,我通常有一个“可动画”对象的抽象概念,它可能只是具有update(float)
方法,然后该方法将被扩展以支持其他对象,但我将让您自行解决。
另一个问题是确保组件一开始就完全透明(setOpaque(false)
),这允许我们在动画过程中伪造组件的半透明度。
通常情况下,我总是鼓励你超越paintComponent
,但有时这还不够,这就是其中之一。基本上,为了促进从一个组件到另一个组件的转换,我们需要控制组件内所有子组件的 alpha 级别,这是在重写时paint
将是一个更好的选择。
注:代码设置为以 25 fps 左右运行,但屏幕捕获软件以大约 8 fps 捕获
import java.awt.AlphaComposite;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.GridBagConstraints;
import java.awt.GridBagLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.text.NumberFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.swing.ImageIcon;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.Timer;
import javax.swing.UIManager;
import javax.swing.UnsupportedLookAndFeelException;
public class FadeTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new FadeTest();
}
public FadeTest() {
EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
try {
UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.getSystemLookAndFeelClassName());
} catch (ClassNotFoundException | InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException | UnsupportedLookAndFeelException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
BufferedImage img1 = ImageIO.read(new File("C:\\Users\\shane\\Dropbox\\Ponies\\sillydash-small.png"));
BufferedImage img2 = ImageIO.read(new File("C:\\Users\\shane\\Dropbox\\Ponies\\SmallPony.png"));
AlphaPane pane1 = new AlphaPane();
pane1.add(new JLabel(new ImageIcon(img1)));
pane1.setAlpha(1f);
AlphaPane pane2 = new AlphaPane();
pane2.add(new JLabel(new ImageIcon(img2)));
pane2.setAlpha(0f);
JFrame frame = new JFrame("Testing");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setLayout(new GridBagLayout());
GridBagConstraints gbc = new GridBagConstraints();
gbc.gridx = 1;
gbc.gridy = 1;
gbc.weightx = 1;
gbc.weighty = 1;
gbc.fill = GridBagConstraints.BOTH;
frame.add(pane1, gbc);
frame.add(pane2, gbc);
frame.pack();
frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
frame.setVisible(true);
MouseAdapter ma = new MouseAdapter() {
private AnimationController controller;
@Override
public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {
try {
if (controller != null) {
controller.stop();
}
controller = new AnimationController(4000);
boolean fadeIn = pane1.getAlpha() < pane2.getAlpha();
controller.add(controller.new AlphaRange(pane1, fadeIn));
controller.add(controller.new AlphaRange(pane2, !fadeIn));
controller.start();
} catch (InvalidStateException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
};
pane1.addMouseListener(ma);
pane2.addMouseListener(ma);
} catch (IOException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
}
public class AnimationController {
private List<AlphaRange> animationRanges;
private Timer timer;
private Long startTime;
private long runTime;
public AnimationController(int runTime) {
this.runTime = runTime;
animationRanges = new ArrayList<>(25);
}
public void add(AlphaRange range) {
animationRanges.add(range);
}
public void start() throws InvalidStateException {
if (timer == null || !timer.isRunning()) {
timer = new Timer(40, new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
if (startTime == null) {
startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
}
long duration = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;
float progress = (float) duration / (float) runTime;
if (progress > 1f) {
progress = 1f;
stop();
}
System.out.println(NumberFormat.getPercentInstance().format(progress));
for (AlphaRange range : animationRanges) {
range.update(progress);
}
}
});
timer.start();
} else {
throw new InvalidStateException("Animation is running");
}
}
public void stop() {
if (timer != null) {
timer.stop();
}
}
public class AlphaRange {
private float from;
private float to;
private AlphaPane alphaPane;
public AlphaRange(AlphaPane alphaPane, boolean fadeIn) {
this.from = alphaPane.getAlpha();
this.to = fadeIn ? 1f : 0f;
this.alphaPane = alphaPane;
}
public float getFrom() {
return from;
}
public float getTo() {
return to;
}
public float getValueBasedOnProgress(float progress) {
float value = 0;
float distance = to - from;
value = (distance * progress);
value += from;
return value;
}
public void update(float progress) {
float alpha = getValueBasedOnProgress(progress);
alphaPane.setAlpha(alpha);
}
}
}
public class InvalidStateException extends Exception {
public InvalidStateException(String message) {
super(message);
}
public InvalidStateException(String message, Throwable cause) {
super(message, cause);
}
}
public class AlphaPane extends JPanel {
private float alpha;
public AlphaPane() {
setOpaque(false);
}
@Override
public void paint(Graphics g) {
Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g.create();
g2d.setComposite(AlphaComposite.SrcOver.derive(alpha));
super.paint(g2d);
g2d.dispose();
}
@Override
protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
super.paintComponent(g);
// Fake the background
g.setColor(getBackground());
g.fillRect(0, 0, getWidth(), getHeight());
}
public void setAlpha(float value) {
if (alpha != value) {
this.alpha = Math.min(1f, Math.max(0, value));
repaint();
}
}
public float getAlpha() {
return alpha;
}
}
}