Oracle OCI、绑定变量和 ID IN (1, 2, 3) 等查询

简洁版本：

我正在寻找以下 Java 技术的 C++ OCI 改编，其中代码能够将数字数组（数组大小可以变化）绑定到非 PL/SQL 中SELECT语句，然后在 a 中使用结果数组WHERE ID IN (...)风格检查。

http://rafudb.blogspot.com/2011/10/variable-inlist.html http://rafudb.blogspot.com/2011/10/variable-inlist.html

原问题：

我们有一个 C++ 应用程序，它通过 OCI 与 Oracle 通信。我们正在尝试修复通过连接文本生成 SQL 查询的旧代码；相反，我们希望尽可能多地使用绑定变量。出现了一个特殊情况，我们没有很好的解决方案。

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE ID IN (1, 4, 10, 30, 93)

哪里的(1, 4, 10, 30, 93)部分来自于vector<int>或其他一些灵活大小的数据容器。如果我们知道它总是五个值，我们可以这样做：

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE ID IN (:1, :2, :3, :4, :5)

但它可能是一项，也可能是十项，甚至可能是零项。显然，如果我们将查询构建为字符串，我们可以根据需要附加任意数量的数字，但目标是尽可能避免这种情况并坚持只绑定变量。

有没有好的方法来实现这一点？例如，在 OCI 中，我可以绑定一个数组，然后从中进行子选择吗？

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE ID IN (SELECT * FROM :1)

Where :1是 OCI 数组吗？ （语法可能会有所不同。）有人有这方面的经验吗？示例代码将是天赐之物，因为我往往在编写原始 OCI 方面遇到困难。谢谢 ：）

EDIT:如果可能的话，我希望做得比绑定由 PL/SQL 过程解析的字符串更好。我相信在很多情况下我们都会突破 4000 个字符的限制，而且我也觉得这只是用一种我习惯的字符串操作换取另一种我不习惯的字符串操作（而且我不能调试同样容易）。如果可能的话，我想将一组值（或某种形式的数据集）绑定到一个标准 SQL 语句中。

EDIT 2:一些调查发现了以下链接，它似乎正在做我想要的事情，但是是在 Java 中：http://rafudb.blogspot.com/2011/10/variable-inlist.html http://rafudb.blogspot.com/2011/10/variable-inlist.html有谁知道如何使这种方法适应 C++ OCI？

This example demonstrates approach with using collection type, defined in database to pass list of parameters.
SYS.ODCINumberList is standard collection type available for all users. Query, used in sample just select first 100 integers ( test http://sqlfiddle.com/#!4/d41d8/16996 ) and then filter this integers with list in IN(...) clause.

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <occi.h>

using namespace oracle::occi;
using namespace std;

// Vector type to pass as parameter list
typedef vector<Number> ValueList;

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
  Environment *env;
  Connection *con;

  // Note that Environment must be initialized in OBJECT mode 
  // to use collection mapping features.
  env = Environment::createEnvironment(Environment::OBJECT);

  con = env->createConnection ("test_user", "test_password", "ORACLE_TNS_NAME");

  try {

    Statement *stmt = con->createStatement(
                 "select * from "
                 " (select level as col from dual connect by level <= 100)"
                 "where "
                 "  col in (select column_value from table(:key_list))"
               );

    cout << endl << endl << "Executing the block :" << endl 
         << stmt->getSQL() << endl << endl;

    // Create instance of vector trype defined above 
    // and populate it with numbers.
    ValueList value_list;
    value_list.push_back(Number(10));
    value_list.push_back(Number(20));
    value_list.push_back(Number(30));
    value_list.push_back(Number(40));

    // Bind vector to parameter #1 in query and treat it as SYS.ODCINumberList type. 
    setVector(stmt, 1, value_list, "SYS", "ODCINUMBERLIST");

    ResultSet *rs = stmt->executeQuery();

    while(rs->next())
      std::cout << "value: " << rs->getInt(1) << std::endl;

    stmt->closeResultSet(rs); 
    con->terminateStatement (stmt);

  } catch(SQLException ex) {
    cout << ex.what();
  }


  env->terminateConnection (con);
  Environment::terminateEnvironment (env);

    return 0;
}

您可以使用各种 ODCIxxxList 类型 http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b14289/dcicnstnts.htm#i76582通过 OCI 将数字、日期或字符串列表传递给 Oracle，甚至在 DB 中定义您自己的类型。

使用 Visual Studio 10 Express 编译的示例和此版本的 OCI 库 http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/occidownloads-083553.html。 针对 Oracle 11.2.0.3.0 进行了测试。

Update

下面是示例应用程序，它执行相同的操作，但使用普通的 C OCIxxx 函数。

//
// OCI collection parameters binding - example application
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <oci.h>
#include <oro.h>

using namespace std;

// connection parameters
const char *db_alias         = "ORACLE_DB_ALIAS";
const char *db_user_name     = "test_user";
const char *db_user_password = "test_password";

// helper error checking procedure to shorten main code, returns true if critical error detected
// and prints out error information
bool check_oci_error(char *error_point, OCIError *errhp, sword status, OCIEnv *envhp);

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) {

  //----- CONNECTION INITIALIZATION PART ------------------------------------------------------

  sword rc;
  OCIEnv *myenvhp;       /* the environment handle */
  OCIServer *mysrvhp;    /* the server handle */
  OCIError *myerrhp;     /* the error handle */
  OCISession *myusrhp;   /* user session handle */
  OCISvcCtx *mysvchp;    /* the  service handle */

  /* initialize the mode to be the threaded and object environment */
  /* NOTE: OCI_OBJECT must be present to work with object/collection types */
  rc = OCIEnvCreate(&myenvhp, OCI_THREADED|OCI_OBJECT, (dvoid *)0, 0, 0, 0, (size_t) 0, (dvoid **)0);

  if( check_oci_error("OCIEnvCreate", NULL, rc, NULL) ) {
    return -1; 
  }

  /* allocate a server handle */
  rc = OCIHandleAlloc ((dvoid *)myenvhp, (dvoid **)&mysrvhp, OCI_HTYPE_SERVER, 0, (dvoid **) 0);
  if( check_oci_error("OCIHandleAlloc(OCI_HTYPE_SERVER)", NULL, rc, myenvhp) ) return -1;

  /* allocate an error handle */
  rc = OCIHandleAlloc ((dvoid *)myenvhp, (dvoid **)&myerrhp, OCI_HTYPE_ERROR, 0, (dvoid **) 0);
  if( check_oci_error("OCIHandleAlloc(OCI_HTYPE_ERROR)", NULL, rc, myenvhp) ) return -1;

  /* create a server context */
  rc = OCIServerAttach(mysrvhp, myerrhp, (text *)db_alias, strlen (db_alias), OCI_DEFAULT);
  if( check_oci_error("OCIServerAttach()", myerrhp, rc, myenvhp) ) return -1;

  /* allocate a service handle */
  rc = OCIHandleAlloc ((dvoid *)myenvhp, (dvoid **)&mysvchp, OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX, 0, (dvoid **) 0);
  if( check_oci_error("OCIHandleAlloc(OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX)", myerrhp, rc, myenvhp) ) return -1;

  /* set the server attribute in the service context handle*/
  rc = OCIAttrSet((dvoid *)mysvchp, OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX, (dvoid *)mysrvhp, (ub4) 0, OCI_ATTR_SERVER, myerrhp);
  if( check_oci_error("OCIAttrSet(OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX,OCI_ATTR_SERVER)", myerrhp, rc, myenvhp) ) return -1;

  /* allocate a user session handle */
  rc = OCIHandleAlloc((dvoid *)myenvhp, (dvoid **)&myusrhp,  OCI_HTYPE_SESSION, 0, (dvoid **) 0);
  if( check_oci_error("OCIHandleAlloc(OCI_HTYPE_SESSION)", myerrhp, rc, myenvhp) ) return -1;

  /* set user name attribute in user session handle */
  rc = OCIAttrSet((dvoid *)myusrhp, OCI_HTYPE_SESSION, (dvoid *)db_user_name, strlen(db_user_name), OCI_ATTR_USERNAME, myerrhp);
  if( check_oci_error("OCIAttrSet(OCI_HTYPE_SESSION,OCI_ATTR_USERNAME)", myerrhp, rc, myenvhp) ) return -1;

  /* set password attribute in user session handle */
  rc = OCIAttrSet((dvoid *)myusrhp, OCI_HTYPE_SESSION, (dvoid *)db_user_password, strlen(db_user_password), OCI_ATTR_PASSWORD, myerrhp);
  if( check_oci_error("OCIAttrSet(OCI_HTYPE_SESSION,OCI_ATTR_PASSWORD)", myerrhp, rc, myenvhp) ) return -1;

  rc = OCISessionBegin(mysvchp, myerrhp, myusrhp, OCI_CRED_RDBMS, OCI_DEFAULT);
  if( check_oci_error("OCISessionBegin()", myerrhp, rc, myenvhp) ) return -1;

  /* set the user session attribute in the service context handle*/
  rc = OCIAttrSet( (dvoid *)mysvchp, OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX, (dvoid *)myusrhp, (ub4) 0, OCI_ATTR_SESSION, myerrhp);
  if( check_oci_error("OCIAttrSet(OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX,OCI_ATTR_SESSION)", myerrhp, rc, myenvhp) ) return -1;

  cout << endl << "Initialization done." << endl;

  //----- REGISTER TYPE INFORMATION ------------------------------------------------------

  // This section can be invoked once per session to minimize server roundtrips.

  char    *type_owner_name = "SYS";               
  char    *type_name       = "ODCINUMBERLIST";
  OCIType *type_tdo        = NULL;

  rc= OCITypeByName(
        myenvhp, myerrhp, mysvchp, 
        (CONST text *)type_owner_name, strlen(type_owner_name),
        (CONST text *) type_name, strlen(type_name),
        NULL, 0,
        OCI_DURATION_SESSION, OCI_TYPEGET_HEADER, 
        &type_tdo
      );
  if( check_oci_error("OCITypeByName()", myerrhp, rc, myenvhp) ) return -1;

  //----- PREPARE PARAMETER INSTANCE ---------------------------------------------

  OCIArray *array_param = NULL;

  rc = OCIObjectNew(
         myenvhp, myerrhp, mysvchp, 
         OCI_TYPECODE_VARRAY, 
         type_tdo, NULL, OCI_DURATION_SESSION, TRUE,
         (void**) &array_param
       );
  if( check_oci_error("OCITypeByName()", myerrhp, rc, myenvhp) ) return -1;

  //----- FILL PARAMETER ---------------------------------------------------------

  OCINumber num_val;
  int       int_val;

  for(int i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {
    int_val = i*10;

    rc = OCINumberFromInt(myerrhp, &int_val, sizeof(int_val), OCI_NUMBER_SIGNED, &num_val);
    if( check_oci_error("OCINumberFromInt()", myerrhp, rc, myenvhp) ) return -1;

    rc = OCICollAppend(myenvhp, myerrhp, &num_val, NULL, array_param);
    if( check_oci_error("OCICollAppend()", myerrhp, rc, myenvhp) ) return -1;
  }


  //----- BIND PARAMETER VALUE AND EXECUTE STATEMENT ------------------------------

  OCIStmt   *mystmthp   = NULL;
  OCIDefine *col1defp   = NULL;
  double    col1value;  
  OCIBind   *bndp       = NULL;

  char      *query_text = "select * from "
                          " (select level as col from dual connect by level < 100)"
                          "where "
                          "  col in (select column_value from table(:key_list))";

  rc = OCIHandleAlloc(myenvhp, (void **)&mystmthp, OCI_HTYPE_STMT, 0, NULL); 
  if( check_oci_error("OCIHandleAlloc(OCI_HTYPE_STMT)", myerrhp, rc, myenvhp) ) return -1;

  rc = OCIStmtPrepare( 
         mystmthp, myerrhp, 
         (const OraText *)query_text, strlen(query_text), 
         OCI_NTV_SYNTAX, OCI_DEFAULT
       );
  if( check_oci_error("OCIStmtPrepare()", myerrhp, rc, myenvhp) ) return -1;

  // result column
  rc =  OCIDefineByPos(mystmthp, &col1defp, myerrhp, 1, &col1value, sizeof(col1value), SQLT_BDOUBLE, NULL, NULL, NULL, OCI_DEFAULT);
  if( check_oci_error("OCIDefineByPos()", myerrhp, rc, myenvhp) ) return -1;

  // parameter collection
  rc = OCIBindByName(
         mystmthp, &bndp, myerrhp,
         (text *)":key_list", strlen(":key_list"), 
         NULL, 0,
         SQLT_NTY, NULL, 0, 0, 0, 0,
         OCI_DEFAULT
       );
  if( check_oci_error("OCIBindByName()", myerrhp, rc, myenvhp) ) return -1;

  rc = OCIBindObject(
         bndp, myerrhp, 
         type_tdo, (dvoid **) &array_param, 
         NULL, NULL, NULL
       );
  if( check_oci_error("OCIBindByName()", myerrhp, rc, myenvhp) ) return -1;

  // execute and fetch
  rc = OCIStmtExecute(mysvchp, mystmthp, myerrhp, 0, 0, NULL, NULL, OCI_DEFAULT);
  if( check_oci_error("OCIBindByName()", myerrhp, rc, myenvhp) ) return -1;

  rc = OCIStmtFetch2(mystmthp, myerrhp, 1, OCI_FETCH_NEXT, 0, OCI_DEFAULT);

  while(rc != OCI_NO_DATA) {
    if( check_oci_error("OCIStmtFetch2()", myerrhp, rc, myenvhp) ) return -1;
    cout << "value: " << col1value << endl;
    rc = OCIStmtFetch2(mystmthp, myerrhp, 1, OCI_FETCH_NEXT, 0, OCI_DEFAULT);
  }

  // free collection object parameter
  rc = OCIObjectFree(myenvhp, myerrhp, array_param, OCI_OBJECTFREE_FORCE);
  if( check_oci_error("OCIObjectFree()", myerrhp, rc, myenvhp) ) return -1;

  cout << endl << "Main test done." << endl;

  //------- FINALIZATION -----------------------------------------------------------
  rc= OCISessionEnd(mysvchp, myerrhp, myusrhp, OCI_DEFAULT);
  if( check_oci_error("OCISessionEnd()", myerrhp, rc, myenvhp) ) return -1;

  rc = OCIServerDetach(mysrvhp, myerrhp, OCI_DEFAULT);
  if( check_oci_error("OCIServerDetach()", myerrhp, rc, myenvhp) ) return -1;

  OCIHandleFree(myenvhp, OCI_HTYPE_ENV);

  cout << endl << "Finalization done." << endl;

  return 0;
}

// helper error checking procedure to shorten main code, returns true if critical error detected
// and prints out error information
bool check_oci_error(char *error_point, OCIError *errhp, sword status, OCIEnv *envhp) { 

  text errbuf[1024];
  sb4  errcode;
  bool ret_code = true;

  switch (status) { 
    case OCI_SUCCESS:
        ret_code = false;
      break;
    case OCI_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO:
        OCIErrorGet ((dvoid *) errhp, (ub4) 1, (text *) NULL, &errcode, errbuf, (ub4) sizeof(errbuf), (ub4) OCI_HTYPE_ERROR);
        cout << error_point << " Error: OCI_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO; Info: " << errbuf << endl;
        ret_code = (errcode == 436 || errcode == 437 || errcode == 438 || errcode == 439);
      break;
    case OCI_NEED_DATA:
        cout << error_point << " Error: OCI_NEED_DATA"<< endl;
      break;
    case OCI_NO_DATA:
        cout << error_point << " Error: OCI_NO_DATA"<< endl;
      break;
    case OCI_ERROR:
        OCIErrorGet ((dvoid *) errhp, (ub4) 1, (text *) NULL, &errcode, errbuf, (ub4) sizeof(errbuf), (ub4) OCI_HTYPE_ERROR);
        cout << error_point << " Error: " << errbuf << endl;
      break;
    case OCI_INVALID_HANDLE:
        cout << error_point << " Error: OCI_INVALID_HANDLE" << endl;
      break;
    case OCI_STILL_EXECUTING:
        cout << error_point << " Error: OCI_STILL_EXECUTE"<< endl;
      break;
    case OCI_CONTINUE:
        cout << error_point << " Error: OCI_CONTINUE" << endl;
      break;
    default:
        cout << error_point << " Error: UNKNOWN(" << status << ")" << endl;
      break;
  }

  if( ret_code && (envhp != NULL) ) OCIHandleFree(envhp, OCI_HTYPE_ENV);

  return ret_code;

}

附：您可以从 Oracle 文档中获取信息这个示例代码 http://www10.atpages.jp/tymo1914/DB/rdbms/demo/cdemocoll.c.