是否可以在后台执行多个命令，但等待所有结果并在命令失败时使脚本失败

我有一个 CI 脚本，我想通过在后台运行一些东西来加速它。我希望脚本等待所有进程并检查每个进程以查看是否失败。

这里有一个简化：

#!/bin/bash

set -e

bg()
{
    sleep .$[ ( $RANDOM % 10 ) + 1 ]s
}

bg2()
{
    sleep .$[ ( $RANDOM % 10 ) + 1 ]s
    exit 1
}

bg &   # will pass after a random delay 
bg2 &  # will fail after a random delay


# I want the output of the program to be a failure since bg2 fails

Yes.

您可以使用wait https://linux.die.net/man/3/wait命令输入bash等待一个或多个子流程完成才能终止，在这种情况下，我们提供PID等待它。还wait可以选择不带参数，在这种情况下它会等待所有后台进程终止。

例子：-

#!/bin/bash

sleep 3 &

wait "$!"     # Feeding the non-zero process-id as argument to wait command.
              # Can also be stored in a variable as pid=$(echo $!)

# Waits until the process 'sleep 3' is completed. Here the wait 
# on a single process is done by capturing its process id

echo "I am waking up"

sleep 4 &
sleep 5 &

wait          # Without specifying the id, just 'wait' waits until all jobs 
              # started on the background is complete.

# (or) simply
# wait < <(jobs -p)     # To wait on all background jobs started with (job &)

echo "I woke up again"

Update:-

要在失败时识别作业，最好循环遍历后台作业列表并记录其退出代码以供可见性。感谢以下的精彩建议chepner https://stackoverflow.com/users/1126841/chepner。它就像

#!/bin/bash
for p in $(jobs -p)
do
     wait "$p" || { echo "job $p failed" >&2; exit; }
done