最近公司有新项目，已经让领导帮我把clone和push的权限都开通了，但是在push的时候还是提交失败，错误信息如下：
$ git push origin master
Counting objects: 26, done.
Delta compression using up to 4 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (26/26), done.
Writing objects: 100% (26/26), 4.28 KiB | 257.00 KiB/s, done.
Total 26 (delta 21), reused 0 (delta 0)
remote: Resolving deltas: 100% (21/21)
remote: True
remote: Branch refs/heads/master:
remote: You are not allowed to perform this operation.
remote: To push into this reference you need 'Push' rights.
remote: User: deparks
remote: Please read the documentation and contact an administrator
remote: if you feel the configuration is incorrect
remote: Processing changes: refs: 1, done
To ssh://192.168.1.125:29418/bluetoothsmart.git
! [remote rejected] master-> master (prohibited by Gerrit)
error: failed to push some refs to 'To ssh://192.168.1.125:29418/bluetoothsmart.git'
折腾挺久后没找到原因，就去百度了一下，于是就找到了这篇文章，恰好解决了我的问题，因此记录一下。
以下内容转自：http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4b5039210102e5o5.html
gerrit还是轻易不要尝试引入，它的权限管理，真是复杂极了。对于小型团队，初期这将是个噩梦，但是对于像OpenStack，安卓这种大型team，又是一把利器。
下面尝试测试了两个用户的简单情况，很多配置都是系统默认，没有进行啥复杂配置，即使这样也是错误百出，光一个commit就要折腾半天，而且还有些机制没搞清楚。
首先要做的准备工作就是准备两个gerrit用户，user1和user2，并且分别把user1和user2的ssh pub-key通过gerrit setting添加好。
1. 首先user1创建一个叫HelloWord的project。
如何创建project请参考前期博客或者官方文档。
2. user1在自己的工作环境中把HelloWord clone下来
[user1@jenkins ~]$ git clone ssh://user1@gerrit.example.com:29418/HelloWorld.git
Initialized empty Git repository in /home/user1/HelloWorld/.git/
remote: Counting objects: 2, done
remote: Finding sources: 100% (2/2)
remote: Total 2 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
Receiving objects: 100% (2/2), done.
加入user1没有添加ssh pubkey的话，这一步会出permission deny。
clone后，创建一个README文件并add，commit。
[user1@jenkins ~]$ cd HelloWorld
[user1@jenkins HelloWorld]$ ls
[user1@jenkins HelloWorld]$ touch README
[penxiao@jenkins test]$ git add README
[penxiao@jenkins test]$ git commit -m add README
这里注意一点，在下面要push之前，一定要配置好git config的 username和email
可以通过命令行或者直接编辑 ~/.gitconfig文件实现，而且email一定要和gerrit里注册的email一致，否者push也会出错。
[user1@jenkins HelloWorld]$ git push origin master
Counting objects: 3, done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 213 bytes, done.
Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
remote: Processing changes: refs: 1, done
To ssh://user1@gerrit.example.com:29418/HelloWorld.git
* [new branch] master -> master
在gerrit的gitweb链接可以查看push的文件。
3. user2加入
[user2@jenkins ~]$ git clone ssh://user1@gerrit.example.com:29418/HelloWorld.git
Initialized empty Git repository in /home/user2/HelloWorld/.git/
remote: Counting objects: 3, done
remote: Finding sources: 100% (3/3)
remote: Total 3 (delta 0), reused 3 (delta 0)
Receiving objects: 100% (3/3), done.
[user2@jenkins ~]$ cd HelloWorld
[user2@jenkins HelloWorld]$ ls
README
user2对README文件进行修改，然后要commit，push。
！！！也同样注意，user2的git config，username和email的配置，email要和gerrit setting里的一致。
commit完以后可以看到:
[user2@jenkins HelloWorld]$ git log
commit 7959fe47bc2d2f53539a1861aa6b0d71afe0a531
Author: user2 <user2@gerrit.com>
Date: Thu Dec 12 00:24:53 2013 -0500
edit README
commit 98099fc0de3ba889b18cf36f9a5af267b3ddb501
Author: user1 <user@gerrit.com>
Date: Thu Dec 12 00:15:08 2013 -0500
add README
现在user2要把这次的改变push到gerrit，可以么？
不行的，可以看到：
[user2@jenkins HelloWorld]$ git push origin master
Counting objects: 5, done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 249 bytes, done.
Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
remote: Branch refs/heads/master:
remote: You are not allowed to perform this operation.
remote: To push into this reference you need 'Push' rights.
remote: User: user2
remote: Please read the documentation and contact an administrator
remote: if you feel the configuration is incorrect
remote: Processing changes: refs: 1, done
To ssh://user2@gerrit.example.com:29418/HelloWorld.git
! [remote rejected] master -> master (prohibited by Gerrit)
error: failed to push some refs to 'ssh://user2@gerrit.example.com:29418/HelloWorld.git'
这就是gerrit的精髓所在了。原因是gerrit不允许直接将本地修改同步到远程仓库。客户机必须先push到远程仓库的refs/for/*分支上，等待审核。这也是为什么我们需要使用gerrit的原因。gerrit本身就是个代码审核工具。
接下来更该push的地址，这一步很重要：
[user2@jenkins HelloWorld]$
git config remote.origin.push refs/heads/*:refs/for/*
此命令实际是更改的是本地仓库test_project/.git/config文件。
再次push，
这次不要加master：
[user2@jenkins HelloWorld]$ git push origin
Counting objects: 5, done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 249 bytes, done.
Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
remote: Processing changes: refs: 1, done
remote: ERROR: missing Change-Id in commit message footer
remote: Suggestion for commit message:
remote: edit README
remote:
remote: Change-Id: I7959fe47bc2d2f53539a1861aa6b0d71afe0a531
remote:
remote: Hint: To automatically insert Change-Id, install the hook:
remote: gitdir=$(git rev-parse --git-dir); scp -p -P 29418 user2@gerrit.example.com:hooks/commit-msg ${gitdir}/hooks/
remote:
remote:
To ssh://user2@gerrit.example.com:29418/HelloWorld.git
! [remote rejected] master -> refs/for/master (missing Change-Id in commit message footer)
error: failed to push some refs to 'ssh://user2@gerrit.example.com:29418/HelloWorld.git'
尼玛，还是不行，说缺change-Id，为了能让每次commit能自己insert 这个change-id，需要从gerrit server上下载一个脚本。
[user2@jenkins HelloWorld] scp -p 29418 user2@gerrit.example.com:hooks/commit-msg <local path to your git>/.git/hooks/
然后重新commit，使用参数--amend, 直接wq保存退出：
[user2@jenkins HelloWorld]$ git commit --amend
再次查看git log:
[user2@jenkins HelloWorld]$ git log
commit f6b5919170875b5b4870fca2ab906c516c97006e
Author: user2 <user2@gerrit.com>
Date: Thu Dec 12 00:24:53 2013 -0500
edit by user2
Change-Id: Ieac68bebefee7c6d4237fa5c058386bf7c4f66b7
commit 98099fc0de3ba889b18cf36f9a5af267b3ddb501
Author: user1 <user1@gerrit.com>
Date: Thu Dec 12 00:15:08 2013 -0500
add README
这次就有了change id,
然后再次push:
[user2@jenkins HelloWorld]$ git push origin
Counting objects: 5, done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 289 bytes, done.
Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
remote: Processing changes: new: 1, refs: 1, done
remote:
remote: New Changes:
remote: http://gerrit.example.com:8080/1
remote:
To ssh://user2@gerrit.example.com:29418/HelloWorld.git
* [new branch] master -> refs/for/master
终于尼玛成功了！！！
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