我想在我的应用程序中使用请求范围的 bean。我使用 JUnit4 进行测试。如果我尝试在这样的测试中创建一个：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:spring/TestScopedBeans-context.xml" })
public class TestScopedBeans {
    protected final static Logger logger = Logger
            .getLogger(TestScopedBeans.class);

    @Resource
    private Object tObj;

    @Test
    public void testBean() {
        logger.debug(tObj);
    }

    @Test
    public void testBean2() {
        logger.debug(tObj);
    }

具有以下 bean 定义：

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
  <bean class="java.lang.Object" id="tObj" scope="request" />
 </beans>           

我得到：

org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'gov.nasa.arc.cx.sor.query.TestScopedBeans': Injection of resource fields failed; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException: No Scope registered for scope 'request'
<...SNIP...>
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: No Scope registered for scope 'request'

所以我发现这个博客似乎很有帮助：http://www.javathinking.com/2009/06/no-scope-registered-for-scope-request_5.html http://www.javathinking.com/2009/06/no-scope-registered-for-scope-request_5.html

但我注意到他使用抽象依赖注入SpringContextTests http://static.springsource.org/spring/docs/3.0.x/api/org/springframework/test/AbstractDependencyInjectionSpringContextTests.html这似乎在 Spring 3.0 中已被弃用。 我此时使用 Spring 2.5，但认为切换此方法以使用 AbstractJUnit4SpringContextTests 应该不会太难 正如文档建议的那样（好的文档链接到 3.8 版本，但我正在使用 4.4）。所以我改变了 测试扩展 AbstractJUnit4SpringContextTests...相同的消息。同样的问题。现在我想要的prepareTestInstance()方法 未定义覆盖。好吧，也许我会把这些 registerScope 调用放在其他地方......所以我阅读了更多关于测试执行监听器 http://static.springsource.org/spring/docs/3.0.x/api/org/springframework/test/context/TestExecutionListeners.html并认为这会更好，因为我不想继承 spring 包结构。所以 我将测试更改为：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:spring/TestScopedBeans-context.xml" })
@TestExecutionListeners({})
public class TestScopedBeans {

期望我必须创建一个自定义侦听器，但当我运行它时。有用！太好了，但是为什么呢？我看不到任何库存听众在哪里 正在注册请求范围或会话范围，为什么要注册？没什么可说的，我想要这个，这可能不是 Spring MVC 代码的测试......

Spring 3.2 或更高版本的解决方案

Spring 从 3.2 版本开始为集成测试的会话/请求作用域 bean 提供支持 https://jira.spring.io/browse/SPR-4588.

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = TestConfig.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
public class SampleTest {

    @Autowired WebApplicationContext wac;

    @Autowired MockHttpServletRequest request;

    @Autowired MockHttpSession session;    

    @Autowired MySessionBean mySessionBean;

    @Autowired MyRequestBean myRequestBean;

    @Test
    public void requestScope() throws Exception {
        assertThat(myRequestBean)
           .isSameAs(request.getAttribute("myRequestBean"));
        assertThat(myRequestBean)
           .isSameAs(wac.getBean("myRequestBean", MyRequestBean.class));
    }

    @Test
    public void sessionScope() throws Exception {
        assertThat(mySessionBean)
           .isSameAs(session.getAttribute("mySessionBean"));
        assertThat(mySessionBean)
           .isSameAs(wac.getBean("mySessionBean", MySessionBean.class));
    }
}

阅读更多：请求和会话范围的 Bean http://spring.io/blog/2012/11/07/spring-framework-3-2-rc1-new-testing-features/#request-and-session-scoped-beans

Spring 3.2之前带监听器的解决方案

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = TestConfig.class)
@TestExecutionListeners({WebContextTestExecutionListener.class,
        DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.class,
        DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener.class})
public class SampleTest {
    ...
}

WebContextTestExecutionListener.java

public  class WebContextTestExecutionListener extends AbstractTestExecutionListener {
    @Override
    public void prepareTestInstance(TestContext testContext) {
        if (testContext.getApplicationContext() instanceof GenericApplicationContext) {
            GenericApplicationContext context = (GenericApplicationContext) testContext.getApplicationContext();
            ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = context.getBeanFactory();
            beanFactory.registerScope(WebApplicationContext.SCOPE_REQUEST,
                    new SimpleThreadScope());
            beanFactory.registerScope(WebApplicationContext.SCOPE_SESSION,
                    new SimpleThreadScope());
        }
    }
}

Spring 3.2之前的自定义作用域的解决方案

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = TestConfig.class, locations = "test-config.xml")
public class SampleTest {

...

}

TestConfig.java

@Configuration
@ComponentScan(...)
public class TestConfig {

    @Bean
    public CustomScopeConfigurer customScopeConfigurer(){
        CustomScopeConfigurer scopeConfigurer = new CustomScopeConfigurer();

        HashMap<String, Object> scopes = new HashMap<String, Object>();
        scopes.put(WebApplicationContext.SCOPE_REQUEST,
                new SimpleThreadScope());
        scopes.put(WebApplicationContext.SCOPE_SESSION,
                new SimpleThreadScope());
        scopeConfigurer.setScopes(scopes);

        return scopeConfigurer

}

或使用 xml 配置

test-config.xml

<bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.CustomScopeConfigurer">
    <property name="scopes">
        <map>
            <entry key="request">
                <bean class="org.springframework.context.support.SimpleThreadScope"/>
            </entry>
        </map>
        <map>
            <entry key="session">
                <bean class="org.springframework.context.support.SimpleThreadScope"/>
            </entry>
        </map>
    </property>
</bean>

源代码

所有提出的解决方案的源代码：

• https://github.com/mariuszs/spring-test-web https://github.com/mariuszs/spring-test-web