如何安装源自 apt 包的 Python 绑定？

我有一个网站托管在Heroku http://heroku.com/，我现在想使用python-qrtools包使用了ZBar条码扫描器 http://zbar.sourceforge.net/。在常规的 debian（基于）上，我可以做一个简单的操作：

sudo apt-get install python-qrtools

根据命令dpkg-query -L python-qrtools，这将安装以下内容：

/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/qrtools-1.2.egg-info
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/qrtools.py
/usr/share/doc/python-qrtools/copyright
/usr/share/doc/python-qrtools/changelog.Debian.gz

当我查看进口产品时qrtools.py，它还做了一个import zbar，（据我所知）Zbar 包的 python 绑定（Pypi 链接在这里 https://pypi.python.org/pypi/zbar）。我有点惊讶 zbar 或其 python 绑定不在列表中python-qrtools不过 apt 包。所以我的第一个问题是：

这个 zbar 软件包是何时何地安装的？

接下来，我决定在 Heroku 上安装 ZBar 及其 python 绑定。我设法使用安装 ZBar这个 ZBar 构建包 https://github.com/ballantyne/heroku-buildpack-zbar所以我只需要安装 zbar Python 绑定。从 python 命令行我已经看到它是源自 .so 文件的绑定：

>>> import zbar
>>> zbar.__file__
'/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/zbar.so'

所以我做了一个简单的sudo pip install zbar，不幸的是，这导致了我粘贴在下面的巨大编译错误。所以我的主要问题实际上是：

如何单独安装 zbar python 绑定（因此无需 apt）？欢迎所有提示！

Downloading/unpacking zbar
  Downloading zbar-0.10.tar.bz2
  Running setup.py (path:/tmp/pip_build_root/zbar/setup.py) egg_info for package zbar

Installing collected packages: zbar
  Running setup.py install for zbar
    building 'zbar' extension
    x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c zbarmodule.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/zbarmodule.o
    In file included from zbarmodule.c:24:0:
    zbarmodule.h:26:18: fatal error: zbar.h: No such file or directory
     #include <zbar.h>
                      ^
    compilation terminated.
    error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1
    Complete output from command /usr/bin/python -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip_build_root/zbar/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-zIuGzw-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile:
    running install

running build

running build_ext

building 'zbar' extension

creating build

creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7

x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c zbarmodule.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/zbarmodule.o

In file included from zbarmodule.c:24:0:

zbarmodule.h:26:18: fatal error: zbar.h: No such file or directory

 #include <zbar.h>

                  ^

compilation terminated.

error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1

所以我尝试使用单独安装Python zbar绑定

不幸的是我什至似乎无法在 Linux 上安装 zbar 包

sudo apt-get install libzbar-dev
sudo pip install zbar

当您遇到此类错误时，通常是您丢失了 -dev 软件包，找到该软件包的一个简单方法是apt-cache search像下面这样：

~$ apt-cache search zbar
libbarcode-zbar-perl - bar code scanner and decoder (Perl bindings)
libzbar-dev - bar code scanner and decoder (development)
libzbar0 - bar code scanner and decoder (library)
libzbargtk-dev - bar code scanner and decoder (GTK+ bindings development)
libzbargtk0 - bar code scanner and decoder (GTK+ bindings)
libzbarqt-dev - bar code scanner and decoder (Qt bindings development)
libzbarqt0 - bar code scanner and decoder (Qt bindings)
python-qrtools - high level library for reading and generating QR codes
python-zbar - bar code scanner and decoder (Python bindings)
python-zbarpygtk - bar code scanner and decoder (PyGTK bindings)
zbar-dbg - bar code scanner and decoder (debug)
zbar-tools - bar code scanner and decoder (utilities)

FWIW，我用来安装的过程是python-qrtools ,libzbar-dev最后pip install zbar.