MPICH 示例 cpi 在多个新安装的 vps 上运行时会生成错误

我刚刚开始学习mpi，所以我买了3个vps来创建一个实验环境。我成功安装并配置了 ssh 和 mpich。这三个节点可以在没有密码的情况下相互连接（但不能连接自身）。并且 cpi 示例通过了，在本地计算机上没有任何问题。当我尝试在所有 3 个节点上运行它时，cpi 程序始终存在并出现错误Fatal error in PMPI_Reduce: Unknown error class, error stack:。 这是我所做的以及错误所说的完整描述。

[root@fire examples]# mpiexec -f ~/mpi/machinefile  -n 6 ./cpi
Process 3 of 6 is on mpi0
Process 0 of 6 is on mpi0
Process 1 of 6 is on mpi1
Process 2 of 6 is on mpi2
Process 4 of 6 is on mpi1
Process 5 of 6 is on mpi2
Fatal error in PMPI_Reduce: Unknown error class, error stack:
PMPI_Reduce(1263)...............: MPI_Reduce(sbuf=0x7fff1c18c440, rbuf=0x7fff1c18c448, count=1, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, root=0, MPI_COMM_WORLD) failed
MPIR_Reduce_impl(1075)..........:
MPIR_Reduce_intra(826)..........:
MPIR_Reduce_impl(1075)..........:
MPIR_Reduce_intra(881)..........:
MPIR_Reduce_binomial(188).......:
MPIDI_CH3U_Recvq_FDU_or_AEP(636): Communication error with rank 1
MPIR_Reduce_binomial(188).......:
MPIDI_CH3U_Recvq_FDU_or_AEP(636): Communication error with rank 2
MPIR_Reduce_intra(846)..........:
MPIR_Reduce_impl(1075)..........:
MPIR_Reduce_intra(881)..........:
MPIR_Reduce_binomial(250).......: Failure during collective

===================================================================================
=   BAD TERMINATION OF ONE OF YOUR APPLICATION PROCESSES
=   PID 1563 RUNNING AT mpi0
=   EXIT CODE: 1
=   CLEANING UP REMAINING PROCESSES
=   YOU CAN IGNORE THE BELOW CLEANUP MESSAGES
===================================================================================
[proxy:0:2@mpi2] HYD_pmcd_pmip_control_cmd_cb (pm/pmiserv/pmip_cb.c:885): assert (!closed) failed
[proxy:0:2@mpi2] HYDT_dmxu_poll_wait_for_event (tools/demux/demux_poll.c:76): callback returned error status
[proxy:0:2@mpi2] main (pm/pmiserv/pmip.c:206): demux engine error waiting for event
[proxy:0:1@mpi1] HYD_pmcd_pmip_control_cmd_cb (pm/pmiserv/pmip_cb.c:885): assert (!closed) failed
[proxy:0:1@mpi1] HYDT_dmxu_poll_wait_for_event (tools/demux/demux_poll.c:76): callback returned error status
[proxy:0:1@mpi1] main (pm/pmiserv/pmip.c:206): demux engine error waiting for event
[mpiexec@mpi0] HYDT_bscu_wait_for_completion (tools/bootstrap/utils/bscu_wait.c:76): one of the processes terminated badly; aborting
[mpiexec@mpi0] HYDT_bsci_wait_for_completion (tools/bootstrap/src/bsci_wait.c:23): launcher returned error waiting for completion
[mpiexec@mpi0] HYD_pmci_wait_for_completion (pm/pmiserv/pmiserv_pmci.c:218): launcher returned error waiting for completion
[mpiexec@mpi0] main (ui/mpich/mpiexec.c:344): process manager error waiting for completion

我只是不知道发生了什么，有一些见解吗？ 正如评论所暗示的，这里是 mpi cpi 代码。

#include "mpi.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

double f(double);

double f(double a)
{
    return (4.0 / (1.0 + a*a));
}

int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
    int    n, myid, numprocs, i;
    double PI25DT = 3.141592653589793238462643;
    double mypi, pi, h, sum, x;
    double startwtime = 0.0, endwtime;
    int    namelen;
    char   processor_name[MPI_MAX_PROCESSOR_NAME];

    MPI_Init(&argc,&argv);
    MPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD,&numprocs);
    MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD,&myid);
    MPI_Get_processor_name(processor_name,&namelen);

    fprintf(stdout,"Process %d of %d is on %s\n",
    myid, numprocs, processor_name);
    fflush(stdout);

    n = 10000;          /* default # of rectangles */
    if (myid == 0)
    startwtime = MPI_Wtime();

    MPI_Bcast(&n, 1, MPI_INT, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD);

    h   = 1.0 / (double) n;
    sum = 0.0;
    /* A slightly better approach starts from large i and works back */
    for (i = myid + 1; i <= n; i += numprocs)
    {
        x = h * ((double)i - 0.5);
        sum += f(x);
    }
    mypi = h * sum;

    MPI_Reduce(&mypi, &pi, 1, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD);

    if (myid == 0) {
        endwtime = MPI_Wtime();
        printf("pi is approximately %.16f, Error is %.16f\n",
               pi, fabs(pi - PI25DT));
        printf("wall clock time = %f\n", endwtime-startwtime);         
        fflush(stdout);
    }

    MPI_Finalize();
    return 0;
}

可能为时已晚，无论如何我会提供我的答案，我遇到了同样的问题，经过一番研究后我找到了问题

如果您有一个包含主机名而不是 ip 地址的机器文件，并且机器在本地连接，那么您也应该有一个本地运行的名称服务器，否则将机器文件中的条目更改为 ip 地址而不是主机名。仅 /etc/hosts 并不能解决问题

这似乎是我的问题，一旦我将机器文件中的条目更改为 ip 地址，它就可以工作

问候 戈皮