如何使用 Composer 安装没有版本的包（仅限 master）

我是作曲家新手，我正在尝试通过作曲家更新安装以下库

https://github.com/neitanod/forceutf8

据我了解，我的composer.json 看起来像这样

{
    "config": {
        "vendor-dir": "libs/vendor"
    },
    "require": {
        "raven/raven": "0.7.1",
        "monolog/monolog": "1.7.*",
        "smarty/smarty": "3.1.16",
        "forceutf8/forceutf8": "master"
    }
}

Bt 由于某种原因（因为我认为forceutf8没有版本）它因错误而停止，所有其余的都安装正确，我得到的错误是

Loading composer repositories with package information
Updating dependencies (including require-dev)
Your requirements could not be resolved to an installable set of packages.

  Problem 1
    - The requested package forceutf8/forceutf8 could not be found in any version, there may be a typo in the package na
me.

Potential causes:
 - A typo in the package name
 - The package is not available in a stable-enough version according to your minimum-stability setting
   see <https://groups.google.com/d/topic/composer-dev/_g3ASeIFlrc/discussion> for more details.

Read <http://getcomposer.org/doc/articles/troubleshooting.md> for further common problems. 

我也尝试了以下版本，但仍然没有运气

{
    "config": {
        "vendor-dir": "libs/vendor"
    },
    "name": "career/skillquest",
    "repositories": [
      {
        "type": "vcs",
        "url": "https://github.com/neitanod/forceutf8"
      }
    ],
    "require": 
      {
        "forceutf8/forceutf8": "dev-master",
        "raven/raven": "0.7.1",
        "monolog/monolog": "1.7.*",
        "smarty/smarty": "3.1.16"
      }
}

问题是它需要

"neitanod/forceutf8": "dev-master"

NOT

"forceutf8/forceutf8": "master"

首先，你的名字有误：forceutf8/forceutf8正确的名称是：neitanod/forceutf8

Composer 为每个看起来不像版本号的分支名称添加前缀“dev-”，并为看起来像版本号的分支名称添加后缀“-dev”。

示例：分支“master”称为“dev-master”，分支“feature”称为“dev-feature”。分支“1.0.x”称为“1.0.x-dev”。

所以这部分是错误的：

"require": {
    "raven/raven": "0.7.1",
    "monolog/monolog": "1.7.*",
    "smarty/smarty": "3.1.16",
    "forceutf8/forceutf8": "master"
}

正确的版本是：

"require": {
    "raven/raven": "0.7.1",
    "monolog/monolog": "1.7.*",
    "smarty/smarty": "3.1.16",
    "neitanod/forceutf8": "dev-master"
}

现在要求没有标记版本的分支并不是最好的事情，因为这些信息非常不稳定 - 任何新的提交都可能会破坏事情，并且准确地指向您想要使用的提交并不那么容易。为了保护您免受这种情况的影响，Composer 默认情况下不会加载这些开发分支，而只会加载稳定版本。您必须启用加载开发版本：

"require": {
    "raven/raven": "0.7.1",
    "monolog/monolog": "1.7.*",
    "smarty/smarty": "3.1.16",
    "neitanod/forceutf8": "dev-master@dev"
}

“@dev”标志允许加载所提到版本的开发版本（在本例中是一个分支，但“1.0.0@dev”将以相同的方式工作，允许 1.0.0 的所有（包括 dev）版本，像“1.0.0-alpha”，但也是稳定的“1.0.0”）。

请注意，您还可以使用“最小稳定性”来允许所有依赖项的开发版本，但不建议这样做，因为它将根据版本要求加载所有依赖项的开发版本。在你的情况下，你只能获取 monolog 的 1.7 分支的最新开发版本，但这可能足以使曾经稳定的软件陷入崩溃状态。