将 Serilog 与 WebApi2 结合使用的正确方法

我正在寻找将 serilog 与 asp net web api 2 一起使用的正确方法。 至于现在，我像这样初始化全局 Log.Logger 属性：

   public static void Register(HttpConfiguration config)
    {

        Log.Logger = new LoggerConfiguration()
            .WriteTo.Elasticsearch(new ElasticsearchSinkOptions(new Uri("http://localhost:9200"))
            {
                IndexFormat = IndexFormat,
                BufferBaseFilename = outputLogPath,
                AutoRegisterTemplate = true,
                AutoRegisterTemplateVersion = AutoRegisterTemplateVersion.ESv6,
                CustomFormatter = new ElasticsearchJsonFormatter(renderMessageTemplate: false),
                BufferFileCountLimit = NbDaysRetention
            })
            .MinimumLevel.ControlledBy(new LoggingLevelSwitch() { MinimumLevel = LogEventLevel.Information})
            .Enrich.FromLogContext()
            .Enrich.WithWebApiRouteTemplate()
            .Enrich.WithWebApiActionName()
            .CreateLogger();

        //Trace all requests
        SerilogWebClassic.Configure(cfg => cfg.LogAtLevel(LogEventLevel.Information));


        config.MapHttpAttributeRoutes();

        config.Routes.MapHttpRoute(
            name: "DefaultApi",
            routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{id}",
            defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional }
        );
    }

有没有更干净的方法来做到这一点？我想知道，如果我必须对我的控制器进行一些测试，这是否会成为问题。

对于具有 Web API（和/或 MVC）的应用程序，我经常使用以下代码组织。 （请注意，它可能有点过时，因为它基于某些软件包的旧版本，但您应该能够在不需要太多工作的情况下适应它......）

您将需要相当多的软件包，您应该能够从命名空间中猜测出这些软件包，但最重要的是，安装WebActivatorEx包提供了一种在应用程序生命周期的不同时刻运行代码的方法

Our Global.asax.cs最终看起来像这样：

    public class WebApiApplication : System.Web.HttpApplication
    {
        // rely on the fact that AppPreStart is called before Application_Start
        private static readonly ILogger Logger = Log.ForContext<WebApiApplication>();

        public override void Init()
        {
            base.Init();
        }

        protected void Application_Start()
        {
            // WARNING :  Some code runs even before this method ... see AppPreStart

            Logger.Debug("In Application_Start");
            // Mvc (must be before)
            AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); 
            // Web API
            // ... snip ...     
            // some DependencyInjection config ...
            // ... snip ...  
            // MVC
            FilterConfig.RegisterGlobalFilters(GlobalFilters.Filters);
            RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);
            BundleConfig.RegisterBundles(BundleTable.Bundles);

            Logger.Information("App started !");
        }


        protected void Application_End(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            Logger.Debug("In Application_End");
            ApplicationShutdownReason shutdownReason = System.Web.Hosting.HostingEnvironment.ShutdownReason;
            Logger.Information("App is shutting down (reason = {@shutdownReason})", shutdownReason);

            // WARNING : Some code runs AFTER Application_End ... see AppPostShutDown
        }
    }

然后是下面的几个类App_Start文件夹（其中一些您可以忽略：P）：

• AppPreStart.cs

using XXX;
using Serilog;


[assembly: WebActivatorEx.PreApplicationStartMethod(typeof(AppPreStart), nameof(AppPreStart.PreApplicationStart))]
namespace XXX
{
    /// <summary>
    /// This runs even before global.asax Application_Start (see WebActivatorConfig)
    /// </summary>
    public class AppPreStart
    {
        public static void PreApplicationStart()
        {
            LogConfig.Configure();
            var logger = Log.ForContext<AppPreStart>();
            logger.Information("App is starting ...");

            // ... snip ...
            // very early things like IoC config, AutoMapper config ...
            // ... snip ...

            logger.Debug("Done with AppPreStart");
        }
    }
}

• AppPostShutDown.cs

using XXX;
using Serilog;

[assembly: WebActivatorEx.ApplicationShutdownMethod(typeof(AppPostShutDown), nameof(AppPostShutDown.PostApplicationShutDown))]
namespace XXX
{
    /// <summary>
    /// This runs even before global.asax Application_Start (see WebActivatorConfig)
    /// </summary>
    public class AppPostShutDown
    {
        private static ILogger Logger = Log.ForContext<AppPostShutDown>();

        public static void PostApplicationShutDown()
        {
            Logger.Debug("PostApplicationShutDown");

            // ... snip ...
            // very late things like IoC dispose ....
            // ... snip ...

            // force flushing the last "not logged" events
            Logger.Debug("Closing the logger! ");
            Log.CloseAndFlush();
        }
    }
}

• LogConfig.cs

using Serilog;
using Serilog.Events;
using SerilogWeb.Classic;
using SerilogWeb.Classic.Enrichers;
using SerilogWeb.Classic.WebApi.Enrichers;

namespace XXX
{
    public class LogConfig
    {
        static public void Configure()
        {
            ApplicationLifecycleModule.LogPostedFormData = LogPostedFormDataOption.OnlyOnError;
            ApplicationLifecycleModule.FormDataLoggingLevel = LogEventLevel.Debug;
            ApplicationLifecycleModule.RequestLoggingLevel = LogEventLevel.Debug;

            var loggerConfiguration = new LoggerConfiguration().ReadFrom.AppSettings()
                    .Enrich.FromLogContext()
                    .Enrich.With<HttpRequestIdEnricher>()
                    .Enrich.With<UserNameEnricher>()
                    .Enrich.With<HttpRequestUrlEnricher>()
                    .Enrich.With<WebApiRouteTemplateEnricher>()
                    .Enrich.With<WebApiControllerNameEnricher>()
                    .Enrich.With<WebApiRouteDataEnricher>()
                    .Enrich.With<WebApiActionNameEnricher>()
                ;

            Log.Logger = loggerConfiguration.CreateLogger();
        }
    }
}

然后从中读取Log配置的变量部分Web.config有以下键AppSettings :

    <!-- SeriLog-->
    <add key="serilog:level-switch:$controlSwitch" value="Information" />
    <add key="serilog:minimum-level:controlled-by" value="$controlSwitch" />
    <add key="serilog:enrich:with-property:AppName" value="XXXApp" />
    <add key="serilog:enrich:with-property:AppComponent" value="XXXComponent" />
    <add key="serilog:enrich:with-property:Environment" value="Dev" />
    <add key="serilog:enrich:with-property:MachineName" value="%COMPUTERNAME%" />
    <add key="serilog:using:Seq" value="Serilog.Sinks.Seq" />
    <add key="serilog:write-to:Seq.serverUrl" value="http://localhost:5341" />
    <add key="serilog:write-to:Seq.apiKey" value="xxxxxxxxxxx" />
    <add key="serilog:write-to:Seq.controlLevelSwitch" value="$controlSwitch" />

（然后我们有Web.config转换为“标记化”文件以用于生产

Web.Release.config

    <!-- SeriLog-->
    <add key="serilog:enrich:with-property:Environment" value="__Release_EnvironmentName__"
         xdt:Transform="Replace" xdt:Locator="Match(key)"/>

    <add key="serilog:write-to:Seq.serverUrl" value="__app_serilogSeqUrl__"
         xdt:Transform="Replace" xdt:Locator="Match(key)"/>
    <add key="serilog:write-to:Seq.apiKey" value="__app_serilogApiKey__"
         xdt:Transform="Replace" xdt:Locator="Match(key)"/>

此配置的一些最重要的部分是：

• 尽快配置您的记录器
• call Log.CloseAndFlush();最后确保所有日志事件都被存储/推送
• add Enrich.FromLogContext()来自 Serilog，以及一些来自的丰富器SerilogWeb.Classic and SerilogWeb.WebApi，它们可能会变得非常有用。
• 记录到正确支持结构化日志记录的日志服务器（写入文件有太多缺点）...我们使用Seq https://datalust.co/seq我们对此非常非常高兴（在每台开发机器上本地安装，然后在生产中安装一个集中实例）。它支持搜索/查询和仪表板以及动态日志级别控制。