基于智能指针的 CRTP 习惯用法的编译问题

我正在尝试为 CRTP 示例编译一个最小的工作示例这篇博文 https://www.fluentcpp.com/2017/09/12/how-to-return-a-smart-pointer-and-use-covariance/，它基于智能指针。

根据代码示例，我编写了两个文件：标头和源代码。

Header (crtp.h):

#include <memory>

class Cloneable
{
 public:
  virtual ~Cloneable() {}

  std::shared_ptr<Cloneable> clone() const
  {
    return std::shared_ptr<Cloneable>(this->clone_raw());
  }

 private:
  virtual Cloneable* clone_raw() const = 0;
};

template <typename Derived, typename Base>
class CloneInherit<Derived, Base>: public Base
{
 public:
  std::shared_ptr<Derived> clone() const
  {
    return std::shared_ptr<Derived>(static_cast<Derived*>(this->clone_raw()));
  }

 private:
  virtual CloneInherit* clone_raw() const override
  {
    return new Derived(*this);
  }
};

class Concrete: public CloneInherit<Concrete, Cloneable> {};

Source (example.cc):

#include <memory>

#include "crtp.h"

int main()
{
  std::shared_ptr<Concrete> c = std::make_shared<Concrete>();
  std::shared_ptr<Concrete> cc = c->clone();
  Cloneable* p = c.get();
  std::shared_ptr<Cloneable> pp = p->clone();
  return 0;
}

此代码编译失败并出现以下错误：

In file included from example.cc:3:
./crtp.h:18:7: error: explicit specialization of non-template class 'CloneInherit'
class CloneInherit<Derived, Base>: public Base
      ^           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
./crtp.h:29:16: error: no matching constructor for initialization of 'Concrete'
    return new Derived(*this);
               ^       ~~~~~
./crtp.h:33:7: note: in instantiation of member function 'CloneInherit<Concrete, Cloneable>::clone_raw' requested here
class Concrete: public CloneInherit<Concrete, Cloneable>
      ^
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/memory:4411:26: note: in instantiation of member function 'std::__1::__shared_ptr_emplace<Concrete, std::__1::allocator<Concrete> >::__shared_ptr_emplace' requested
      here
    ::new(__hold2.get()) _CntrlBlk(__a2, _VSTD::forward<_Args>(__args)...);
                         ^
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/memory:4775:29: note: in instantiation of function template specialization 'std::__1::shared_ptr<Concrete>::make_shared<>' requested here
    return shared_ptr<_Tp>::make_shared(_VSTD::forward<_Args>(__args)...);
                            ^
example.cc:7:42: note: in instantiation of function template specialization 'std::__1::make_shared<Concrete>' requested here
      std::shared_ptr<Concrete> c = std::make_shared<Concrete>();
                                         ^
./crtp.h:33:7: note: candidate constructor (the implicit copy constructor) not viable: no known conversion from 'const CloneInherit<Concrete, Cloneable>' to 'const Concrete' for 1st argument
class Concrete: public CloneInherit<Concrete, Cloneable>
      ^
./crtp.h:33:7: note: candidate constructor (the implicit move constructor) not viable: no known conversion from 'const CloneInherit<Concrete, Cloneable>' to 'Concrete' for 1st argument
class Concrete: public CloneInherit<Concrete, Cloneable>
      ^
./crtp.h:33:7: note: candidate constructor (the implicit default constructor) not viable: requires 0 arguments, but 1 was provided
2 errors generated.

我可以通过一些方法来修复这些错误。我可以删除<Derived, Base>声明中的专业化CloneInherit使第一个错误消失并更改定义clone_raw()的函数CloneInherit to

virtual CloneInherit* clone_raw() const override
{
  return new CloneInherit(*this);
}

但我不确定这是否会得到与帖子最初意图相同的结果。

他的帖子确实有几个错别字：

固定版本：

#include <memory>

class cloneable
{
public:
   virtual ~cloneable() {}

   std::unique_ptr<cloneable> clone() const
   {
      return std::unique_ptr<cloneable>(this->clone_impl());
   }

private:
   virtual cloneable * clone_impl() const = 0;
};

template <typename Derived, typename Base>
class clone_inherit : public Base
{
public:
   std::unique_ptr<Derived> clone() const
   {
      return std::unique_ptr<Derived>(static_cast<Derived*>(this->clone_impl()));
   }

private:
   clone_inherit* clone_impl() const override
   {
      return new Derived(*static_cast<const Derived*>(this));
   }
};

class concrete : public clone_inherit<concrete, cloneable>
{
};

int main()
{
   std::unique_ptr<concrete> c = std::make_unique<concrete>();
   std::unique_ptr<concrete> cc = c->clone();

   cloneable * p = c.get();
   std::unique_ptr<cloneable> pp = p->clone();
}

Demo http://coliru.stacked-crooked.com/a/64c62b9bb00aaedd