【Linux】CentOS & Makefile

1 Ubuntu入门

1.1 文件

1.2 网络相关

1.2.1 Linux网络相关概念和修改IP地址的方法

IP信息

• ifconfig
• ifconfig -a
• ip addr show | more

临时修改ip地址

# 重启失效
ifconfig ens33 192.168.0.235 netmask 255.255.255.0

# 添加多IP
ifconfig ens33:0 192.168.0.239 netmask 255.255.255.0
# 删除
ip addr delete 192.168.0.239 dev ens33:0

ifconfig | more

ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.0.235  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.0.255
        inet6 fe80::a85b:faef:d2b3:daf5  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:76:50:87  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 149774  bytes 219196243 (209.0 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 19210  bytes 1844706 (1.7 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
        ......

NetworkManager

网络配置文件： /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts

[xhh@xhhCentOS ~]$ cd  /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
[xhh@xhhCentOS network-scripts]$ pwd
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts

[xhh@xhhCentOS network-scripts]$ ls
ifcfg-ens33

[xhh@xhhCentOS network-scripts]$ cat ifcfg-ens33 
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=none         # dhcp 动态 ; none 静态地址
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens33
UUID=8074db52-98cd-4297-9676-3357393a590f
DEVICE=ens33
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.0.234   # IP地址
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.0.1    # 路由器网关
DNS1=8.8.8.8           # dns
IPV6_PRIVACY=no

# [重启网络服务] centos6 ubuntu
[xhh@xhhCentOS ~]$ service network restart

# [重启网络服务] centos8
# [xhh@xhhCentOS ~]$ systemctl network NetworkManager
[xhh@xhhCentOS ~]$ nmcli connection reload
[xhh@xhhCentOS ~]$ nmcli connection down ens33 && nmcli connection up

集群：cat /etc/hosts

[root@xhhCentOS etc]# cat /etc/hosts | more
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

修改主机名

1.2.2 关闭防火墙并设置开机开不启动

firewalld

# 查看防火墙状态
[root@xhhCentOS xhh]# systemctl status firewalld

# 临时关闭
[root@xhhCentOS xhh]# systemctl stop firewalld

# 设置开机不启动（永久关闭）
[root@xhhCentOS xhh]# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.

# 查看开启是否启动
[root@xhhCentOS xhh]# systemctl is-enabled firewalld
disabled
[root@xhhCentOS xhh]# systemctl is-enabled sshd
enabled

临时和永久关闭Selinux

光盘开机自动挂载

配置本地YUM源

Not need

1.3 硬链接和软链接

硬链接

文件之间会相互改变，删除一个另一个还存在

# ls  -> sleep.py

# 创建硬链接
ln sleep.py sleep2

软连接 ***

源文件要使用绝对路径

# ls  -> sleep.py

# 创建软链接
ln -s /home/xhh/Desktop/xhhDir/lnTest/sleep.py sleep3

# 复制，保留练级
cp -d sleep3 ./test

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2 Linux

2.1 Linux C

【1】编写程序

  1 #include <stdio.h>
  2 
  3 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
  4 {
  5     printf("hello xhh !\r\n");
  6 
  7     return 0;
  8 }

【2】gcc编译C程序

# 编译
gcc main.c -o main

# 执行
./main

【3】Makefile

make工具

# 编译链接
gcc main.c calcu.c input.c -o xhhmain

Makefile

• make # 编译
• make clean # 清理
  

【***】Makefile基本语法

变量均为字符串

zuozhongtai

zzk

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模式规则

%.o: %c

伪目标


条件判断

函数

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参考
[1] 【VMware-cnetos】宿主机连接wifi,虚拟机中的Linux系统配置连接wifi

[2] Makefile

[3] VMware中CentOS7网络设置 - 让Linux联网如此简单