docker镜像管理
镜像结构和原理
镜像就是创建容器的模版，含有容器启动所需要的文件系统及所需要的内容，因此镜像主要用于方便和快速创建启动容器
镜像结构：
一个典型的 Linux文件系统由 bootfs 和 rootfs 两部分组成
bootfs(boot file system) 主要包含bootloader和kernel，bootloader主要用于引导加载 kernel，Linux
刚启动时会加载bootfs文件系统,当boot加载完成后,kernel 被加载到内存中后接管系统的控制权,bootfs
会被 umount 掉
rootfs (root file system) 包含的就是典型 Linux 系统中的/dev，/proc，/bin，/etc 等标准目录和文件，
不同的 linux 发行版（如 ubuntu 和 CentOS ) 主要在 rootfs 这一层会有所区别。
一般的镜像通常都比较小，官方提供的Ubuntu镜像只有60MB多点，而 CentOS 基础镜像也只有200MB
左右，一些其他版本的镜像甚至只有几MB，比如: busybox 才1.22MB，alpine镜像也只有5M左右。镜
像直接调用宿主机的内核，镜像中只提供 rootfs，也就是只需要包括最基本的命令,配置文件和程序库等
相关文件就可以了。
查看镜像的分层结构
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull nginx
Using default tag: latest
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/nginx ...
latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/nginx
a603fa5e3b41: Pull complete
c39e1cda007e: Pull complete
90cfefba34d7: Pull complete
a38226fb7aba: Pull complete
62583498bae6: Pull complete
9802a2cfdb8d: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:e209ac2f37c70c1e0e9873a5f7231e91dcd83fdf1178d8ed36c2ec09974210ba
Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/nginx:latest
[root@localhost ~]# docker image history nginx
IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT
88736fe82739 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["nginx" "-g" "daem... 0 B
<missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) STOPSIGNAL SIGQUIT 0 B
<missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) EXPOSE 80 0 B
<missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENTRYPOINT ["/docker-en... 0 B
<missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:e57eef017a414c... 4.62 kB
<missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:abbcbf84dc17ee... 1.27 kB
<missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:5c182727343494... 2.12 kB
<missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:7b307b62e82255... 1.62 kB
<missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c set -x && addgroup --system... 61.2 MB
<missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV PKG_RELEASE=1~bullseye 0 B
<missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV NJS_VERSION=0.7.7 0 B
<missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV NGINX_VERSION=1.23.2 0 B
<missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL maintainer=NGINX ... 0 B
<missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["bash"] 0 B
<missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:d08e242792caa7f... 80.5 MB
[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect nginx
[
{
"Id": "sha256:88736fe827391462a4db99252117f136b2b25d1d31719006326a437bb40cb12d",
"RepoTags": [
"docker.io/nginx:latest"
],
"RepoDigests": [
"docker.io/nginx@sha256:e209ac2f37c70c1e0e9873a5f7231e91dcd83fdf1178d8ed36c2ec09974210ba"
],
"Parent": "",
"Comment": "",
"Created": "2022-11-15T13:14:32.170016733Z",
"Container": "ef7ac270db8490100ca29b63b039f34d8bc4e9d0bc5b4a7bb986d8086cffce16",
"ContainerConfig": {
"Hostname": "ef7ac270db84",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"ExposedPorts": {
"80/tcp": {}
},
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
"NGINX_VERSION=1.23.2",
"NJS_VERSION=0.7.7",
"PKG_RELEASE=1~bullseye"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"#(nop) ",
"CMD [\"nginx\" \"-g\" \"daemon off;\"]"
],
"Image": "sha256:60dafcaed78a384237ed956c07eed39793b5f8862195323929417177e3ee9fa7",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": [
"/docker-entrypoint.sh"
],
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"maintainer": "NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com>"
},
"StopSignal": "SIGQUIT"
},
"DockerVersion": "20.10.12",
"Author": "",
"Config": {
"Hostname": "",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"ExposedPorts": {
"80/tcp": {}
},
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
"NGINX_VERSION=1.23.2",
"NJS_VERSION=0.7.7",
"PKG_RELEASE=1~bullseye"
],
"Cmd": [
"nginx",
"-g",
"daemon off;"
],
"Image": "sha256:60dafcaed78a384237ed956c07eed39793b5f8862195323929417177e3ee9fa7",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": [
"/docker-entrypoint.sh"
],
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"maintainer": "NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com>"
},
"StopSignal": "SIGQUIT"
},
"Architecture": "amd64",
"Os": "linux",
"Size": 141767480,
"VirtualSize": 141767480,
"GraphDriver": {
"Name": "overlay2",
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/97493a1a8b79f5fa5995298ffa63ada448c9809c20b1ad9a26090900ce8e8001/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3e6953ea3ddefc3fe32c31151935ebd49a74cbab3d7b16262a62d4b753dd416b/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5594f280528430e925f3ef35b6a91674ff1be95a721a3166548602a24916f63d/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c57ac6832a9a6084c6a58136092600f9edd6586d20f6ef5eaae860ad034a80de/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6808292a4f65f555b987700ef19d8e80f36c8038cc22a918ec878ebba66d283c/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/123e463d6c5d6be68ae28d44cf7a94609a2ea65aec9a2504279c284a79a0ccd5/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/123e463d6c5d6be68ae28d44cf7a94609a2ea65aec9a2504279c284a79a0ccd5/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/123e463d6c5d6be68ae28d44cf7a94609a2ea65aec9a2504279c284a79a0ccd5/work"
}
},
"RootFS": {
"Type": "layers",
"Layers": [
"sha256:ec4a38999118b78eab6899b913a548cb0b2c9b68fd05aff846a56b628b597f38",
"sha256:f7ed3797e2964e58da7a396e8b1a98b2aaa84a6190f5fabc57123a92fca78469",
"sha256:f86e88a471f4cf2a042312c5c2472838b1c806c5ee83b37a2b2e436c76fcdfb7",
"sha256:5a5bafd53f766cdebd7cf6ec4d07dda9300b5d5906a7afa0829b41899a82ea6e",
"sha256:e2d75d87993c69701dab59a11e3c081b5d42129048df04e01b50c11bebcf0a5c",
"sha256:6cffb086835a28fcada50f39aed18e189ae4d3c139717411d477763274412414"
]
}
}
]
[root@localhost ~]# docker save nginx -o nginx.tar
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/nginx latest 88736fe82739 2 weeks ago 142 MB
[root@localhost ~]# ll -h nginx.tar
-rw-------. 1 root root 140M Dec 5 11:19 nginx.tar
[root@localhost ~]# docker save nginx -o nginx.tar
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/nginx latest 88736fe82739 2 weeks ago 142 MB
[root@localhost ~]# ll -h nginx.tar
-rw-------. 1 root root 140M Dec 5 11:19 nginx.tar
[root@localhost ~]# tar xf nginx.tar /
bin/ dev/ home/ lib64/ mnt/ proc/ run/ srv/ tmp/ var/
boot/ etc/ lib/ media/ opt/ root/ sbin/ sys/ usr/
[root@localhost ~]# tar xf nginx.tar /
bin/ dev/ home/ lib64/ mnt/ proc/ run/ srv/ tmp/ var/
boot/ etc/ lib/ media/ opt/ root/ sbin/ sys/ usr/
[root@localhost ~]# tar xf nginx.tar /data
tar: /data: Not found in archive
tar: Exiting with failure status due to previous errors
[root@localhost ~]# tar xf nginx.tar -C /data
tar: /data: Cannot open: No such file or directory
tar: Error is not recoverable: exiting now
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /data
[root@localhost ~]# tar xf nginx.tar -C /data
tar: manifest.json: implausibly old time stamp 1970-01-01 08:00:00
tar: repositories: implausibly old time stamp 1970-01-01 08:00:00
[root@localhost ~]# ll /data/
total 16
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 50 Nov 15 21:14 20bec44fe1fb816ca15cdcce702675280dbb9d7ba11835c8b94d60ea634be5ab
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 50 Nov 15 21:14 2ba32b890c3cd06317f5f01a7b0ce5310c834356f6555090b24b89af9efc9d9b
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 7657 Nov 15 21:14 88736fe827391462a4db99252117f136b2b25d1d31719006326a437bb40cb12d.json
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 50 Nov 15 21:14 8c0c09a2ed8f274683157b09b98d5483c6194d52f2880b3a01b1f9fe37bf65a4
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 50 Nov 15 21:14 9c77421b41ebfc41a9d4d072ec73b6b9f36901f6736049f80296167e6f7ab166
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 50 Nov 15 21:14 c51e3fa40309e4a5b332b4fb98d76594d665a985a5c2e1a92bb77686c839f13d
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 50 Nov 15 21:14 fddb072856944e7854fa487da47ca82975e37f04cc34201910e66eff4e8b5e8b
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 596 Jan 1 1970 manifest.json
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 98 Jan 1 1970 repositories
[root@localhost ~]# cat /data/manifest.json
[{"Config":"88736fe827391462a4db99252117f136b2b25d1d31719006326a437bb40cb12d.json","RepoTags":["docker.io/nginx:latest"],"Layers":["20bec44fe1fb816ca15cdcce702675280dbb9d7ba11835c8b94d60ea634be5ab/layer.tar","c51e3fa40309e4a5b332b4fb98d76594d665a985a5c2e1a92bb77686c839f13d/layer.tar","8c0c09a2ed8f274683157b09b98d5483c6194d52f2880b3a01b1f9fe37bf65a4/layer.tar","9c77421b41ebfc41a9d4d072ec73b6b9f36901f6736049f80296167e6f7ab166/layer.tar","2ba32b890c3cd06317f5f01a7b0ce5310c834356f6555090b24b89af9efc9d9b/layer.tar","fddb072856944e7854fa487da47ca82975e37f04cc34201910e66eff4e8b5e8b/layer.tar"]}]
[root@localhost ~]# cd /data/
20bec44fe1fb816ca15cdcce702675280dbb9d7ba11835c8b94d60ea634be5ab/
2ba32b890c3cd06317f5f01a7b0ce5310c834356f6555090b24b89af9efc9d9b/
88736fe827391462a4db99252117f136b2b25d1d31719006326a437bb40cb12d.json
8c0c09a2ed8f274683157b09b98d5483c6194d52f2880b3a01b1f9fe37bf65a4/
9c77421b41ebfc41a9d4d072ec73b6b9f36901f6736049f80296167e6f7ab166/
c51e3fa40309e4a5b332b4fb98d76594d665a985a5c2e1a92bb77686c839f13d/
fddb072856944e7854fa487da47ca82975e37f04cc34201910e66eff4e8b5e8b/
manifest.json
repositories
[root@localhost ~]# cd /data/20bec44fe1fb816ca15cdcce702675280dbb9d7ba11835c8b94d60ea634be5ab/
[root@localhost 20bec44fe1fb816ca15cdcce702675280dbb9d7ba11835c8b94d60ea634be5ab]# ls
json layer.tar VERSION
[root@localhost 20bec44fe1fb816ca15cdcce702675280dbb9d7ba11835c8b94d60ea634be5ab]# du -sh /data/*
81M /data/20bec44fe1fb816ca15cdcce702675280dbb9d7ba11835c8b94d60ea634be5ab
12K /data/2ba32b890c3cd06317f5f01a7b0ce5310c834356f6555090b24b89af9efc9d9b
8.0K /data/88736fe827391462a4db99252117f136b2b25d1d31719006326a437bb40cb12d.json
12K /data/8c0c09a2ed8f274683157b09b98d5483c6194d52f2880b3a01b1f9fe37bf65a4
16K /data/9c77421b41ebfc41a9d4d072ec73b6b9f36901f6736049f80296167e6f7ab166
60M /data/c51e3fa40309e4a5b332b4fb98d76594d665a985a5c2e1a92bb77686c839f13d
16K /data/fddb072856944e7854fa487da47ca82975e37f04cc34201910e66eff4e8b5e8b
4.0K /data/manifest.json
4.0K /data/repositories
[root@localhost 20bec44fe1fb816ca15cdcce702675280dbb9d7ba11835c8b94d60ea634be5ab]# cd /data/9c77421b41ebfc41a9d4d072ec73b6b9f36901f6736049f80296167e6f7ab166/
[root@localhost 9c77421b41ebfc41a9d4d072ec73b6b9f36901f6736049f80296167e6f7ab166]# ls
json layer.tar VERSION
[root@localhost 9c77421b41ebfc41a9d4d072ec73b6b9f36901f6736049f80296167e6f7ab166]# tar xf layer.tar
[root@localhost 9c77421b41ebfc41a9d4d072ec73b6b9f36901f6736049f80296167e6f7ab166]# ls
docker-entrypoint.d json layer.tar VERSION
[root@localhost 9c77421b41ebfc41a9d4d072ec73b6b9f36901f6736049f80296167e6f7ab166]# cd docker-entrypoint.d/
[root@localhost docker-entrypoint.d]# ls
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh
[root@localhost docker-entrypoint.d]# cd 10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh
-bash: cd: 10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: Not a directory
[root@localhost docker-entrypoint.d]# ls
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh
[root@localhost docker-entrypoint.d]# cd /data/20bec44fe1fb816ca15cdcce702675280dbb9d7ba11835c8b94d60ea634be5ab/
[root@localhost 20bec44fe1fb816ca15cdcce702675280dbb9d7ba11835c8b94d60ea634be5ab]# ls
json layer.tar VERSION
[root@localhost 20bec44fe1fb816ca15cdcce702675280dbb9d7ba11835c8b94d60ea634be5ab]# tar layer.tar
tar: invalid option -- 'y'
Try `tar --help' or `tar --usage' for more information.
[root@localhost 20bec44fe1fb816ca15cdcce702675280dbb9d7ba11835c8b94d60ea634be5ab]# tar xf layer.tar
[root@localhost 20bec44fe1fb816ca15cdcce702675280dbb9d7ba11835c8b94d60ea634be5ab]# ls
bin dev home layer.tar lib64 mnt proc run srv tmp var
boot etc json lib media opt root sbin sys usr VERSION
[root@localhost 20bec44fe1fb816ca15cdcce702675280dbb9d7ba11835c8b94d60ea634be5ab]# cat /etc/i
init.d/ inittab inputrc iproute2/ issue issue.net
[root@localhost 20bec44fe1fb816ca15cdcce702675280dbb9d7ba11835c8b94d60ea634be5ab]# cat /etc/i
init.d/ inittab inputrc iproute2/ issue issue.net
[root@localhost 20bec44fe1fb816ca15cdcce702675280dbb9d7ba11835c8b94d60ea634be5ab]# cat /etc/init.d/
cat: /etc/init.d/: Is a directory
[root@localhost 20bec44fe1fb816ca15cdcce702675280dbb9d7ba11835c8b94d60ea634be5ab]# ls
bin dev home layer.tar lib64 mnt proc run srv tmp var
boot etc json lib media opt root sbin sys usr VERSION
[root@localhost 20bec44fe1fb816ca15cdcce702675280dbb9d7ba11835c8b94d60ea634be5ab]# cat etc/
adduser.conf issue rc0.d/
alternatives/ issue.net rc1.d/
apt/ kernel/ rc2.d/
bash.bashrc ld.so.cache rc3.d/
bindresvport.blacklist ld.so.conf rc4.d/
cron.d/ ld.so.conf.d/ rc5.d/
cron.daily/ libaudit.conf rc6.d/
debconf.conf localtime rcS.d/
debian_version login.defs resolv.conf
default/ logrotate.d/ rmt
deluser.conf mke2fs.conf security/
dpkg/ motd selinux/
e2scrub.conf netconfig shadow
environment nsswitch.conf shadow-
fstab opt/ shells
gai.conf os-release skel/
group pam.conf subgid
group- pam.d/ subuid
gshadow passwd systemd/
gss/ passwd- terminfo/
host.conf profile timezone
hostname profile.d/ update-motd.d/
init.d/ .pwd.lock xattr.conf
[root@localhost 20bec44fe1fb816ca15cdcce702675280dbb9d7ba11835c8b94d60ea634be5ab]# cat etc/
adduser.conf issue rc0.d/
alternatives/ issue.net rc1.d/
apt/ kernel/ rc2.d/
bash.bashrc ld.so.cache rc3.d/
bindresvport.blacklist ld.so.conf rc4.d/
cron.d/ ld.so.conf.d/ rc5.d/
cron.daily/ libaudit.conf rc6.d/
debconf.conf localtime rcS.d/
debian_version login.defs resolv.conf
default/ logrotate.d/ rmt
deluser.conf mke2fs.conf security/
dpkg/ motd selinux/
e2scrub.conf netconfig shadow
environment nsswitch.conf shadow-
fstab opt/ shells
gai.conf os-release skel/
group pam.conf subgid
group- pam.d/ subuid
gshadow passwd systemd/
gss/ passwd- terminfo/
host.conf profile timezone
hostname profile.d/ update-motd.d/
init.d/ .pwd.lock xattr.conf
[root@localhost 20bec44fe1fb816ca15cdcce702675280dbb9d7ba11835c8b94d60ea634be5ab]# cat etc/init.d/
cat: etc/init.d/: Is a directory
[root@localhost 20bec44fe1fb816ca15cdcce702675280dbb9d7ba11835c8b94d60ea634be5ab]# cat etc/issue
Debian GNU/Linux 11 \n \l
[root@localhost 20bec44fe1fb816ca15cdcce702675280dbb9d7ba11835c8b94d60ea634be5ab]#
搜索查找镜像
1.官方网站搜索
官网: http://hub.docker.com
2.命令行搜索
Usage: docker search [OPTIONS] TERM
Options:
-f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided
--format string Pretty-print search using a Go template
--limit int Max number of search results (default 25)
--no-trunc Don't truncate output
说明:
OFFICIAL: 官方
AUTOMATED: 使用第三方docker服务来帮助编译镜像，可以在互联网上面直接拉取到镜像，减少了繁琐的
编译过程
[root@localhost ~]# docker search nginx
INDEX NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
docker.io docker.io/nginx Official build of Nginx. 17780 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/linuxserver/nginx An Nginx container, brought to you by Linu... 182
docker.io docker.io/bitnami/nginx Bitnami nginx Docker Image 146 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/ubuntu/nginx Nginx, a high-performance reverse proxy & ... 69
docker.io docker.io/bitnami/nginx-ingress-controller Bitnami Docker Image for NGINX Ingress Con... 22 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/rancher/nginx-ingress-controller 11
docker.io docker.io/ibmcom/nginx-ingress-controller Docker Image for IBM Cloud Private-CE (Com... 4
docker.io docker.io/kasmweb/nginx An Nginx image based off nginx:alpine and ... 4
docker.io docker.io/bitnami/nginx-exporter 3
docker.io docker.io/bitnami/nginx-ldap-auth-daemon 3
docker.io docker.io/circleci/nginx This image is for internal use 2
docker.io docker.io/rancher/nginx 2
docker.io docker.io/rancher/nginx-ingress-controller-defaultbackend 2
docker.io docker.io/rapidfort/nginx RapidFort optimized, hardened image for NGINX 2
docker.io docker.io/vmware/nginx 2
docker.io docker.io/bitnami/nginx-intel 1
docker.io docker.io/vmware/nginx-photon 1
docker.io docker.io/wallarm/nginx-ingress-controller Kubernetes Ingress Controller with Wallarm... 1
docker.io docker.io/continuumio/nginx-ingress-ws 0
docker.io docker.io/ibmcom/nginx-ingress-controller-ppc64le Docker Image for IBM Cloud Private-CE (Com... 0
docker.io docker.io/ibmcom/nginx-ppc64le Docker image for nginx-ppc64le 0
docker.io docker.io/rancher/nginx-conf 0
docker.io docker.io/rancher/nginx-ssl 0
docker.io docker.io/rapidfort/nginx-ib RapidFort optimized, hardened image for NG... 0
docker.io docker.io/rapidfort/nginx-official RapidFort optimized, hardened image for NG... 0
##########################
#搜索点赞100或者50以上的镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker search --filter=stars=100 centos
INDEX NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
docker.io docker.io/centos DEPRECATED; The official build of CentOS. 7422 [OK]
[root@localhost ~]# docker search --filter=stars=100 centos
INDEX NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
docker.io docker.io/centos DEPRECATED; The official build of CentOS. 7422 [OK]
[root@localhost ~]# docker search --filter=stars=50 centos
INDEX NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
docker.io docker.io/centos DEPRECATED; The official build of CentOS. 7422 [OK]
[root@localhost ~]# docker search --filter=stars=50 nginx
INDEX NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
docker.io docker.io/nginx Official build of Nginx. 17780 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/linuxserver/nginx An Nginx container, brought to you by Linu... 182
docker.io docker.io/bitnami/nginx Bitnami nginx Docker Image 146 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/ubuntu/nginx Nginx, a high-performance reverse proxy & ... 69
镜像加速器配置
浏览器打开http://cr.console.aliyun.com，登录阿里云账号，点击镜像工具----镜像加速器
查看本地镜像
格式：
docker images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
常用选项:
-q, --quiet Only show numeric IDs
-a, --all Show all images (default hides intermediate images)
--digests Show digests
--no-trunc Don't truncate output
执行结果的显示信息说明
REPOSITORY #镜像所属的仓库名称
TAG #镜像版本号（标识符），默认为latest
IMAGE ID #镜像唯一ID标识,如果ID相同,说明是同一个镜像有多个名称
CREATED #镜像创建时间
VIRTUAL SIZE #镜像的大小
例：
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/nginx latest 88736fe82739 2 weeks ago 142 MB
[root@localhost ~]# docker images -q
88736fe82739
[root@localhost ~]# docker images -a
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/nginx latest 88736fe82739 2 weeks ago 142 MB
#显示完整的imageid
[root@localhost ~]# docker images --no-trunc
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/nginx latest sha256:88736fe827391462a4db99252117f136b2b25d1d31719006326a437bb40cb12d 2 weeks ago 142 MB
#查看指定repository的镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker images tomcat
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/tomcat latest 1ca69d1bf49a 2 weeks ago 474 MB
##查看指定镜像的信息
[root@localhost ~]# podman image inspect nginx
镜像导入与导出
docker load [OPTIONS]
#选项
-i, --input string Read from tar archive file, instead of STDIN
-q, --quiet Suppress the load output
docker load -i /path/file.tar
docker load < /path/file.tar
例：将一台主机的所有镜像传到另一台主机
方法1: 使用image ID导出镜像,在导入后的镜像没有REPOSITORY和TAG,显示为<none>
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker save `docker images -qa` -o all.tar
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#scp all.tar 10.0.0.*:
[root@centos7 ~]#docker load -i all.tar
[root@centos7 ~]#docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED
SIZE
<none> <none> a77dce18d0ec 10 days ago
1.24MB
<none> <none> 389fef711851 3 weeks ago
5.58MB
<none> <none> 300e315adb2f 4 weeks ago
209MB
<none> <none> f643c72bc252 6 weeks ago
72.9MB
#方法2: 将所有镜像导入到一个文件中,此方法导入后可以看REPOSITORY和TAG
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker save `docker images | awk 'NR!=1{print $1":"$2}'` -o
backup.tar
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#scp backup.tar 10.0.0.**:
root@ubuntu2004:~# docker load -i backup.tar
root@ubuntu2004:~# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
busybox uclibc a77dce18d0ec 10 days ago 1.24MB
alpine latest 389fef711851 3 weeks ago 5.58MB
centos latest 300e315adb2f 4 weeks ago 209MB
ubuntu latest f643c72bc252 6 weeks ago 72.9MB
#方法3:将所有镜像导入到一个文件中,此方法导入后可以看REPOSITORY和TAG
[root@centos8 ~]#docker image save `docker image ls --format "{{.Repository}}:
{{.Tag}}"` -o all.tar
[root@centos8 ~]#scp all.tar 10.0.0.***:/data
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker load -i /data/all.tar
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
busybox uclibc a77dce18d0ec 10 days ago 1.24MB
alpine latest 389fef711851 3 weeks ago 5.58MB
centos latest 300e315adb2f 4 weeks ago 209MB
ubuntu latest f643c72bc252 6 weeks ago 72.9MB
删除镜像
[root@localhost ~]# dcoker rmi feb5d9f
-bash: dcoker: command not found
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi feb5d9f
Untagged: docker.io/hello-world:latest
Untagged: docker.io/hello-world@sha256:faa03e786c97f07ef34423fccceeec2398ec8a5759259f94d99078f264e9d7af
Deleted: sha256:feb5d9fea6a5e9606aa995e879d862b825965ba48de054caab5ef356dc6b3412
Deleted: sha256:e07ee1baac5fae6a26f30cabfe54a36d3402f96afda318fe0a96cec4ca393359
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/alpine latest 49176f190c7e 12 days ago 7.05 MB
docker.io/busybox latest 9d5226e6ce3f 2 weeks ago 1.24 MB
docker.io/nginx latest 88736fe82739 2 weeks ago 142 MB
docker.io/tomcat latest 1ca69d1bf49a 2 weeks ago 474 MB
[root@localhost ~]#
镜像打标签
docker tag SOURCE_IMAGE[:TAG] TARGET_IMAGE[:TAG]
[root@localhost ~]# docker tag alpine alpine:3.22
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
alpine 3.22 49176f190c7e 12 days ago 7.05 MB
docker.io/alpine latest 49176f190c7e 12 days ago 7.05 MB
docker.io/busybox latest 9d5226e6ce3f 2 weeks ago 1.24 MB
docker.io/nginx latest 88736fe82739 2 weeks ago 142 MB
docker.io/tomcat latest 1ca6
常见操作: 搜索、下载、导出、导入、删除
docker search centos #搜索
docker pull alpine #下载
docker images #查看
docker save > /opt/centos.tar #centos #导出镜像
docker load -i /opt/centos.tar #导入本地镜像
docker rmi 镜像ID/镜像名称 #删除指定ID的镜像，此镜像对应容器正启动镜像不能被删除，除非将容器
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常见操作: 搜索、下载、导出、导入、删除
```bash
docker search centos #搜索
docker pull alpine #下载
docker images #查看
docker save > /opt/centos.tar #centos #导出镜像
docker load -i /opt/centos.tar #导入本地镜像
docker rmi 镜像ID/镜像名称 #删除指定ID的镜像，此镜像对应容器正启动镜像不能被删除，除非将容器
全部关闭