当源中存在其他静态文件时，为什么我无法在 django 项目中添加静态文件？

我正在尝试为 Heroku 构建一个 Django 应用程序，并且已经完成了民意调查教程并且Heroku 文档 https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/django-assets

当使用基本的 Django-heroku 应用程序提供服务时heroku local or python3 manage.py runserver我可以看到一些静态文件加载得很好（特别是/static/lang-logo.png）。但是当我添加 main.css 并运行时python3 manage.py collectstaticcss 文件永远不会显示，并且我的 index.html 中的导入永远不会加载。

我已经准备好，whitenoise 最适合在 django 应用程序中提供静态文件，因此我正在使用它，并根据此处对类似问题的许多回答设置了我的 settings.py 。

Collectstatic 似乎正在工作（见下文）。几天来我一直在努力反对这个问题，并且在这里解决了数十个相关问题，但似乎没有什么可以解决这个问题。我已经到达了互联网的尽头，现在你是我唯一的希望。我的代码如下，如果我意识到我错过了相关的内容，我将更新问题。

设置.py

"""
Django settings for gettingstarted project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 2.0.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.0/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.0/ref/settings/
"""

import os
import django_heroku
import fred

# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.0/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = 'CHANGE_ME!!!! (P.S. the SECRET_KEY environment variable will be used, if set, instead).'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'hello'
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
    'whitenoise.middleware.WhiteNoiseMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'gettingstarted.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'gettingstarted.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.0/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
    }
}


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.0/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.0/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.0/howto/static-files/
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'staticfiles')
STATIC_URL = 'hello/static/hello'
STATICFILES_DIRS = (
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'hello/static/hello'),
)

django_heroku.settings(locals())

索引.html

{% load staticfiles %}
{% load static %}

<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{% static 'hello/screener.css' %}" />

目录结构

/hello/static/hello/index.css

收集静态输出

Post-processed 'hello/screener.css' as 'hello/screener.4d9ca1ef5004.css'
Post-processed 'screener.css' as 'screener.4d9ca1ef5004.css'

121 static files copied to '/Users/user/Desktop/heroku-bayesian/python-getting-started/staticfiles', 151 post-processed.

改变你的STATIC_URL to /static/出于测试目的，只需设置您的STATICFILES_DIR = ['hello/static/hello']。白噪声不一定需要成为第二。我在底部运行我的应用程序，它与 Heroku 上的 Django 多租户应用程序配合得非常好。我相信当你现在推送到 Heroku 时，你可能需要做collectstatic再次。如果它在第一次构建时抱怨你的静态文件，只需像 Heroku 说的那样禁用它here https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/django-assets.

编辑：顺便说一句，Heroku 不支持 SQLite，您需要迁移到 postgres。这是我所做的事情，并且从未回头。您所要做的就是更改数据库信息和引擎，然后就可以开始了。