Python 中 case/switch 语句的等效项是什么？ [复制]

Python 是否有等效的switch陈述？

Python 3.10 及以上版本

在 Python 3.10 中，他们引入了模式匹配.

示例来自Python 文档 https://docs.python.org/3.10/whatsnew/3.10.html#pep-634-structural-pattern-matching:

def http_error(status):
    match status:
        case 400:
            return "Bad request"
        case 404:
            return "Not found"
        case 418:
            return "I'm a teapot"

        # If an exact match is not confirmed, this last case will be used if provided
        case _:
            return "Something's wrong with the internet"

Python 3.10 之前

虽然官方文档 http://docs.python.org/tutorial/controlflow.html很高兴不提供switch，我见过一个使用字典的解决方案 http://bytebaker.com/2008/11/03/switch-case-statement-in-python/.

例如：

# define the function blocks
def zero():
    print "You typed zero.\n"

def sqr():
    print "n is a perfect square\n"

def even():
    print "n is an even number\n"

def prime():
    print "n is a prime number\n"

# map the inputs to the function blocks
options = {0 : zero,
           1 : sqr,
           4 : sqr,
           9 : sqr,
           2 : even,
           3 : prime,
           5 : prime,
           7 : prime,
}

那么等价的switch块被调用：

options[num]()

如果你严重依赖失败，这种情况就会开始崩溃。