如何在 pyqt 中嵌入 matplotlib - 傻瓜指南

我目前正在尝试将我想要绘制的图表嵌入到我设计的 pyqt4 用户界面中。由于我对编程几乎完全陌生 - 我不明白人们是如何在我发现的示例中嵌入的 - and that one http://eli.thegreenplace.net/files/prog_code/qt_mpl_bars.py.txt.

如果有人可以发布一步一步的解释或至少一个非常小、非常简单的代码来创建例如一个 pyqt4 GUI 中的一张图表和一个按钮。

实际上并没有那么复杂。相关的 Qt 小部件位于matplotlib.backends.backend_qt4agg http://matplotlib.org/api/backend_qt4agg_api.html. FigureCanvasQTAgg and NavigationToolbar2QT通常是您所需要的。这些是常规的 Qt 小部件。您将它们视为任何其他小部件。下面是一个非常简单的例子Figure, Navigation和一个绘制一些随机数据的按钮。我添加了评论来解释事情。

import sys
from PyQt4 import QtGui

from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt4agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt4agg import NavigationToolbar2QT as NavigationToolbar
from matplotlib.figure import Figure

import random

class Window(QtGui.QDialog):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super(Window, self).__init__(parent)

        # a figure instance to plot on
        self.figure = Figure()

        # this is the Canvas Widget that displays the `figure`
        # it takes the `figure` instance as a parameter to __init__
        self.canvas = FigureCanvas(self.figure)

        # this is the Navigation widget
        # it takes the Canvas widget and a parent
        self.toolbar = NavigationToolbar(self.canvas, self)

        # Just some button connected to `plot` method
        self.button = QtGui.QPushButton('Plot')
        self.button.clicked.connect(self.plot)

        # set the layout
        layout = QtGui.QVBoxLayout()
        layout.addWidget(self.toolbar)
        layout.addWidget(self.canvas)
        layout.addWidget(self.button)
        self.setLayout(layout)

    def plot(self):
        ''' plot some random stuff '''
        # random data
        data = [random.random() for i in range(10)]

        # create an axis
        ax = self.figure.add_subplot(111)

        # discards the old graph
        ax.clear()

        # plot data
        ax.plot(data, '*-')

        # refresh canvas
        self.canvas.draw()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)

    main = Window()
    main.show()

    sys.exit(app.exec_())

Edit:

已更新以反映评论和 API 更改。

• NavigationToolbar2QTAgg改变了NavigationToolbar2QT
• 直接导入Figure代替pyplot
• 替换已弃用的ax.hold(False) with ax.clear()