无法弄清楚为什么我在 django 项目中收到“Reverse for 'app_list' with keywords argument '{'app_label': ''}' not found”

该项目有 2 个应用程序 - 帐户（非常基本的自定义用户）和门户。

myproject/myproject/urls.py：

from django.contrib import admin
from django import urls
from portal import admin as user_admin
from portal import views


urlpatterns = [
    urls.path(r'admin/', admin.site.urls),
    urls.path(r'portal/mymodel/', views.testview),
    urls.path('', user_admin.user_site.urls),
]

myproject/portal/templates/portal/mymodel/testview.html：

{% extends "admin/change_list.html" %}
{% block after_field_sets %}{{ block.super }}
    <h2> hello world </h2>
{% endblock %}

change_list.html（内置django模板）：

{% extends "admin/base_site.html" %}
{% load i18n admin_urls static admin_list %}

{% block extrastyle %}
  {{ block.super }}
  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{% static "admin/css/changelists.css" %}">
  {% if cl.formset %}
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{% static "admin/css/forms.css" %}">
  {% endif %}
  {% if cl.formset or action_form %}
    <script src="{% url 'admin:jsi18n' %}"></script>
  {% endif %}
  {{ media.css }}
  {% if not actions_on_top and not actions_on_bottom %}
    <style>
      #changelist table thead th:first-child {width: inherit}
    </style>
  {% endif %}
{% endblock %}

{% block extrahead %}
{{ block.super }}
{{ media.js }}
{% endblock %}

{% block bodyclass %}{{ block.super }} app-{{ opts.app_label }} model-{{ opts.model_name }} change-list{% endblock %}

{% if not is_popup %}
{% block breadcrumbs %}
<div class="breadcrumbs">
<a href="{% url 'admin:index' %}">{% translate 'Home' %}</a>
&rsaquo; <a href="{% url 'admin:app_list' app_label=cl.opts.app_label %}">{{ cl.opts.app_config.verbose_name }}</a>
&rsaquo; {{ cl.opts.verbose_name_plural|capfirst }}
</div>
{% endblock %}
{% endif %}

{% block coltype %}{% endblock %}

{% block content %}
  <div id="content-main">
    {% block object-tools %}
        <ul class="object-tools">
          {% block object-tools-items %}
            {% change_list_object_tools %}
          {% endblock %}
        </ul>
    {% endblock %}
    {% if cl.formset and cl.formset.errors %}
        <p class="errornote">
        {% if cl.formset.total_error_count == 1 %}{% translate "Please correct the error below." %}{% else %}{% translate "Please correct the errors below." %}{% endif %}
        </p>
        {{ cl.formset.non_form_errors }}
    {% endif %}
    <div class="module{% if cl.has_filters %} filtered{% endif %}" id="changelist">
      <div class="changelist-form-container">
        {% block search %}{% search_form cl %}{% endblock %}
        {% block date_hierarchy %}{% if cl.date_hierarchy %}{% date_hierarchy cl %}{% endif %}{% endblock %}

        <form id="changelist-form" method="post"{% if cl.formset and cl.formset.is_multipart %} enctype="multipart/form-data"{% endif %} novalidate>{% csrf_token %}
        {% if cl.formset %}
          <div>{{ cl.formset.management_form }}</div>
        {% endif %}

        {% block result_list %}
          {% if action_form and actions_on_top and cl.show_admin_actions %}{% admin_actions %}{% endif %}
          {% result_list cl %}
          {% if action_form and actions_on_bottom and cl.show_admin_actions %}{% admin_actions %}{% endif %}
        {% endblock %}
        {% block pagination %}{% pagination cl %}{% endblock %}
        </form>
      </div>
      {% block filters %}
        {% if cl.has_filters %}
          <div id="changelist-filter">
            <h2>{% translate 'Filter' %}</h2>
            {% if cl.has_active_filters %}<h3 id="changelist-filter-clear">
              <a href="{{ cl.clear_all_filters_qs }}">&#10006; {% translate "Clear all filters" %}</a>
            </h3>{% endif %}
            {% for spec in cl.filter_specs %}{% admin_list_filter cl spec %}{% endfor %}
          </div>
        {% endif %}
      {% endblock %}
    </div>
  </div>
{% endblock %}

myproject/portal/templates/portal/views.py：

from django.shortcuts import render


def testview(request):
    return render(
        request, 'portal/mymodel/testview.html', {'app_label': 'portal'}
    )

和堆栈跟踪：

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/Cellar/[email protected] /cdn-cgi/l/email-protection/3.9.4/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/wsgiref/handlers.py", line 137, in run
self.result = application(self.environ, self.start_response)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/contrib/staticfiles/handlers.py", line 76, in __call__
return self.application(environ, start_response)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/handlers/wsgi.py", line 133, in __call__
response = self.get_response(request)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py", line 130, in get_response
response = self._middleware_chain(request)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/handlers/exception.py", line 49, in inner
response = response_for_exception(request, exc)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/handlers/exception.py", line 114, in response_for_exception
response = handle_uncaught_exception(request, get_resolver(get_urlconf()), sys.exc_info())
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/handlers/exception.py", line 47, in inner
response = get_response(request)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/utils/deprecation.py", line 117, in __call__
response = response or self.get_response(request)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/handlers/exception.py", line 49, in inner
response = response_for_exception(request, exc)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/handlers/exception.py", line 114, in response_for_exception
response = handle_uncaught_exception(request, get_resolver(get_urlconf()), sys.exc_info())
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/handlers/exception.py", line 47, in inner
response = get_response(request)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/utils/deprecation.py", line 117, in __call__
response = response or self.get_response(request)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/handlers/exception.py", line 49, in inner
response = response_for_exception(request, exc)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/handlers/exception.py", line 114, in response_for_exception
response = handle_uncaught_exception(request, get_resolver(get_urlconf()), sys.exc_info())
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/handlers/exception.py", line 47, in inner
response = get_response(request)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/utils/deprecation.py", line 117, in __call__
response = response or self.get_response(request)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/handlers/exception.py", line 49, in inner
response = response_for_exception(request, exc)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/handlers/exception.py", line 114, in response_for_exception
response = handle_uncaught_exception(request, get_resolver(get_urlconf()), sys.exc_info())
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/handlers/exception.py", line 47, in inner
response = get_response(request)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/utils/deprecation.py", line 117, in __call__
response = response or self.get_response(request)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/handlers/exception.py", line 49, in inner
response = response_for_exception(request, exc)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/handlers/exception.py", line 114, in response_for_exception
response = handle_uncaught_exception(request, get_resolver(get_urlconf()), sys.exc_info())
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/handlers/exception.py", line 47, in inner
response = get_response(request)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/utils/deprecation.py", line 117, in __call__
response = response or self.get_response(request)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/handlers/exception.py", line 49, in inner
response = response_for_exception(request, exc)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/handlers/exception.py", line 114, in response_for_exception
response = handle_uncaught_exception(request, get_resolver(get_urlconf()), sys.exc_info())
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/handlers/exception.py", line 47, in inner
response = get_response(request)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/utils/deprecation.py", line 117, in __call__
response = response or self.get_response(request)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/handlers/exception.py", line 49, in inner
response = response_for_exception(request, exc)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/handlers/exception.py", line 114, in response_for_exception
response = handle_uncaught_exception(request, get_resolver(get_urlconf()), sys.exc_info())
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/handlers/exception.py", line 47, in inner
response = get_response(request)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/utils/deprecation.py", line 117, in __call__
response = response or self.get_response(request)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/handlers/exception.py", line 49, in inner
response = response_for_exception(request, exc)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/handlers/exception.py", line 114, in response_for_exception
response = handle_uncaught_exception(request, get_resolver(get_urlconf()), sys.exc_info())
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/handlers/exception.py", line 47, in inner
response = get_response(request)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py", line 181, in _get_response
response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/myproject/portal/views.py", line 8, in testview
return render(
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/shortcuts.py", line 19, in render
content = loader.render_to_string(template_name, context, request, using=using)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/template/loader.py", line 62, in render_to_string
return template.render(context, request)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/template/backends/django.py", line 61, in render
return self.template.render(context)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 170, in render
return self._render(context)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 162, in _render
return self.nodelist.render(context)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 938, in render
bit = node.render_annotated(context)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 905, in render_annotated
return self.render(context)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/template/loader_tags.py", line 150, in render
return compiled_parent._render(context)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 162, in _render
return self.nodelist.render(context)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 938, in render
bit = node.render_annotated(context)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 905, in render_annotated
return self.render(context)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/template/loader_tags.py", line 150, in render
return compiled_parent._render(context)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 162, in _render
return self.nodelist.render(context)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 938, in render
bit = node.render_annotated(context)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 905, in render_annotated
return self.render(context)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/template/loader_tags.py", line 150, in render
return compiled_parent._render(context)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 162, in _render
return self.nodelist.render(context)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 938, in render
bit = node.render_annotated(context)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 905, in render_annotated
return self.render(context)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/template/defaulttags.py", line 312, in render
return nodelist.render(context)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 938, in render
bit = node.render_annotated(context)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 905, in render_annotated
return self.render(context)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/template/loader_tags.py", line 62, in render
result = block.nodelist.render(context)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 938, in render
bit = node.render_annotated(context)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 905, in render_annotated
return self.render(context)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/template/defaulttags.py", line 446, in render
url = reverse(view_name, args=args, kwargs=kwargs, current_app=current_app)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/urls/base.py", line 86, in reverse
return resolver._reverse_with_prefix(view, prefix, *args, **kwargs)
File "/Users/Me:D/myproject/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/urls/resolvers.py", line 694, in _reverse_with_prefix
raise NoReverseMatch(msg)
django.urls.exceptions.NoReverseMatch: Reverse for 'app_list' with keyword arguments '{'app_label': ''}' not found. 1 pattern(s) tried: ['admin/(?P<app_label>portal|auth|accounts)/$']

有谁知道我做错了什么？愚蠢的初学者错误？另外，如果还有其他可能相关的代码，请告诉我，我可以提供。

编辑添加： 这里更高级别的问题是 MyModel 有一个名为 user 的字段。当用户查看 MyModel 更改列表时，他们只需要看到引用他们的 MyModel 对象，而不应该看到引用其他用户的 MyModel 对象。

首先，您使用的是管理之外的视图，这很好，但是您使用的是管理模板change_list.html它假设一些变量随模板上下文一起发送出去。我建议将自定义网址添加到您的admin.py（见下文），并发送必要的上下文，以便正确呈现模板。

我遇到了同样的问题，这是由这一行引起的：

<li><a href="{% url 'admin:app_list' app_label=opts.app_label %}">{{ opts.app_config.verbose_name }}</a></li>

当查看提供给模板的上下文时django-debug-toolbar我注意到opts变量没有被发送。在你的情况下，罪魁祸首可能是cl.

所以我必须更新我的自定义网址代码并自己发送：

    def get_urls(self):
        urls = super().get_urls()
        opts = self.model._meta
        custom_urls = [
            url(
                r'^(?P<some_id>.+)/actions/task_start/$',
                self.admin_site.admin_view(SomeCustomFormView.as_view(
                    extra_context={'opts': opts}
                )),
                name='task_start',
            ),
        ]
        return custom_urls + urls

The cl变量是从请求中获取的：cl = self.get_changelist_instance(request)并以这样的上下文发送出去（django/contrib/admin/options.py):

context = {
            **self.admin_site.each_context(request),
            'module_name': str(opts.verbose_name_plural),
            'selection_note': _('0 of %(cnt)s selected') % {'cnt': len(cl.result_list)},
            'selection_note_all': selection_note_all % {'total_count': cl.result_count},
            'title': cl.title,
            'subtitle': None,
            'is_popup': cl.is_popup,
            'to_field': cl.to_field,
            'cl': cl,
            'media': media,
            'has_add_permission': self.has_add_permission(request),
            'opts': cl.opts,
            'action_form': action_form,
            'actions_on_top': self.actions_on_top,
            'actions_on_bottom': self.actions_on_bottom,
            'actions_selection_counter': self.actions_selection_counter,
            'preserved_filters': self.get_preserved_filters(request),
            **(extra_context or {}),
        }

但您无法轻松访问该请求get_urls所以我会更改模板代码而不是使用cl我会用opts我从模型元字段获得的。