屏幕方向更改时非法状态异常未创建视图

我一直在尝试制作一个从活动（GradeListActivity）打开列表视图片段（GradeListFragment）的应用程序。当我单击某个项目时，它会打开一个新片段（GradeDetailFragment）。如果处于纵向模式，它将替换fragment1 中的列表片段。如果处于横向模式，它将替换空的fragment2。我的问题是当我切换方向时应用程序崩溃。从两个角度切换都会得到相同的错误。

04-09 12:10:52.240: E/AndroidRuntime(2221): FATAL EXCEPTION: main
04-09 12:10:52.240: E/AndroidRuntime(2221): Process:     bcs421.christophergoepfert.hwk.gradeapp.presentation, PID: 2221
04-09 12:10:52.240: E/AndroidRuntime(2221): java.lang.RuntimeException:   Unable to start activity    ComponentInfo{bcs421.christophergoepfert.hwk.gradeapp.presentation/bcs421.christ     ophergoepfert.hwk.gradeapp.presentation.GradeListActivity}:   android.view.InflateException: Binary XML file line #8: Error inflating class   fragment
04-09 12:10:52.240: E/AndroidRuntime(2221):     at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2298)
04-09 12:10:52.240: E/AndroidRuntime(2221):     at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2360)
04-09 12:10:52.240: E/AndroidRuntime(2221):     at android.app.ActivityThread.handleRelaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:3912)
04-09 12:10:52.240: E/AndroidRuntime(2221):     at android.app.ActivityThread.access$900(ActivityThread.java:144)
04-09 12:10:52.240: E/AndroidRuntime(2221):     at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1284)
04-09 12:10:52.240: E/AndroidRuntime(2221):     at    android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102)
04-09 12:10:52.240: E/AndroidRuntime(2221):     at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:135)
04-09 12:10:52.240: E/AndroidRuntime(2221):     at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5221)
04-09 12:10:52.240: E/AndroidRuntime(2221):     at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
04-09 12:10:52.240: E/AndroidRuntime(2221):     at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:372)
04-09 12:10:52.240: E/AndroidRuntime(2221):     at     com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:899)
04-09 12:10:52.240: E/AndroidRuntime(2221):     at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:694)
04-09 12:10:52.240: E/AndroidRuntime(2221): Caused by: android.view.InflateException: Binary XML file line #8: Error inflating class fragment
04-09 12:10:52.240: E/AndroidRuntime(2221):     at android.view.LayoutInflater.createViewFromTag(LayoutInflater.java:763)
04-09 12:10:52.240: E/AndroidRuntime(2221):     at android.view.LayoutInflater.rInflate(LayoutInflater.java:806)
04-09 12:10:52.240: E/AndroidRuntime(2221):     at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:504)
04-09 12:10:52.240: E/AndroidRuntime(2221):     at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:414)
04-09 12:10:52.240: E/AndroidRuntime(2221):     at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:365)
04-09 12:10:52.240: E/AndroidRuntime(2221):     at com.android.internal.policy.impl.PhoneWindow.setContentView(PhoneWindow.java:377)
04-09 12:10:52.240: E/AndroidRuntime(2221):     at android.app.Activity.setContentView(Activity.java:2144)
04-09 12:10:52.240: E/AndroidRuntime(2221):     at bcs421.christophergoepfert.hwk.gradeapp.presentation.GradeListActivity.onCreate(GradeListActivity.java:29)
04-09 12:10:52.240: E/AndroidRuntime(2221):     at android.app.Activity.performCreate(Activity.java:5933)
04-09 12:10:52.240: E/AndroidRuntime(2221):     at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:1105)
04-09 12:10:52.240: E/AndroidRuntime(2221):     at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2251)
04-09 12:10:52.240: E/AndroidRuntime(2221):     ... 11 more
04-09 12:10:52.240: E/AndroidRuntime(2221): Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Fragment android.app.ListFragment did not create a view.
04-09 12:10:52.240: E/AndroidRuntime(2221):     at android.app.FragmentManagerImpl.onCreateView(FragmentManager.java:2145)
04-09 12:10:52.240: E/AndroidRuntime(2221):     at android.app.Activity.onCreateView(Activity.java:5282)
04-09 12:10:52.240: E/AndroidRuntime(2221):     at android.view.LayoutInflater.createViewFromTag(LayoutInflater.java:733)

MainActivity 重新启动时不会崩溃。

public class MainActivity extends Activity{

public GradeCollection collection;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        //grade data 
    }

}
public void startGradeListActivity(View v){

    Intent i = new Intent(MainActivity.this, GradeListActivity.class);
    //putextra gradecollection
    startActivity(i);

    }
}

main_activity xml

<TextView
    android:id="@+id/textViewName"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:text="@string/name" />

<RatingBar
    android:id="@+id/ratingBar1"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:numStars="4"
    android:stepSize="1" />

<TextView
    android:id="@+id/textViewGradeNumber"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:text="@string/gradeNumber" />

<TextView
    android:id="@+id/textViewGradeLetter"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:text="TextView" />

<Button
    android:id="@+id/buttonViewGrades"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:onClick="startGradeListActivity"
    android:text="@string/viewGrades" />

GradeListActivity 在 ft.commit(); 处崩溃，也许问题是我正在导入 android.support.v4.app.FragmentActivity;？

public class GradeListActivity extends FragmentActivity {
//private GradeCollection listGrades;
//private ArrayList<String> listCatagory;
//private ArrayAdapter<String> listAdapter;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.catagory_list);

    ListFragment fragment = new GradeListFragment();
    FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();
    FragmentTransaction ft = fm.beginTransaction();
    ft.replace(R.id.fragment1, fragment);

    ft.commit();

    }
}

这是 GradeListFragment。

public class GradeListFragment extends ListFragment{

 @Override
 public View onCreateView(  LayoutInflater inflater,
            ViewGroup container,
            Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        View v = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_category, container, false);
       //data handling
        return v;
     }
 }

这是catagory_list肖像的xml

<fragment
    android:id="@+id/fragment1"
    android:name="android.app.ListFragment"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:layout_weight="1.03" />

这是风景

<fragment
    android:id="@+id/fragment1"
    android:name="android.app.ListFragment"
    android:layout_width="271dp"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" />

<FrameLayout
    android:id="@+id/fragment2"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" />

我省略了传递的实际数据以及 GradeDetailFragment，因为我知道这些不是问题。我见过this https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7707032/illegalstateexception-when-replacing-a-fragment页面，但我不太明白它是如何工作的，所以我无法测试它。我已在清单中尝试过 onConfigChange，但无法更改为适当的布局。如果有人可以解决这个问题或解释链接，我将非常感激。

看这个文档：

注意：当您通过在布局 XML 文件中定义片段来将片段添加到活动布局时，您无法在运行时删除该片段。如果您计划在用户交互期间换入和换出片段，则必须在活动首次启动时将片段添加到活动中。

所以你不能更换R.id.fragment1在运行时像：

ft.replace(R.id.fragment1, fragment); //wrong

那么实现运行时改变fragment的正确方法，可以使用fragment容器FrameLayout取代Fragment为您R.id.fragment1 as:

<FrameLayout
   android:id="@+id/fragment1"       
   android:layout_width="match_parent"
   android:layout_height="wrap_content"
   android:layout_weight="1.03" />

然后你可以添加/替换片段R.id.fragment1.

希望这有帮助！