Gson：如何解析可以是列表或字符串的多态值？

我需要解析包含一长串客户列表的 JSON 文件。在 JSON 文件中，每个客户可能有一个 id 作为字符串：

{
  "cust_id": "87655",
  ...
},

或者一些 id 作为数组：

   {
      "cust_id": [
        "12345",
        "45678"
      ],
      ...
    },

The Customer类如下：

public class Customer {

    @SerializedName("cust_id")
    @Expose
    private String custId;
    public String getCustId() {
        return custId;
    }

    public void setCustId(String custId) {
        this.custId = custId;
    }
}

我使用 Gson 解析 JSON：

Gson gson = new Gson()
Customers customers1 = gson.fromJson(json, Customers.class)

它失败了com.google.gson.JsonSyntaxException: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Expected a string but was BEGIN_ARRAY当它尝试解析数组时。

失败的原因很清楚。

我的问题：处理这两种情况的最佳方法是什么（当 id 是一个字符串时，当它是一个字符串数组时），给定我无法更改 json 文件结构?

如果您想处理这两种情况，您可以使用自定义解串器。当然，您必须将“cust_id”变量更改为列表或数组。

Main:

String json1 = "{\"cust_id\": \"87655\"}";
String json2 = "{\"cust_id\": [\"12345\", \"45678\"]}";

GsonBuilder gsonBuilder = new GsonBuilder();
gsonBuilder.registerTypeAdapter(Customer.class, new CustomerDeserializer());
Gson gson = gsonBuilder.create();

Customer customer1 = gson.fromJson(json1, Customer.class);
System.out.println(customer1);

Customer customer2 = gson.fromJson(json2, Customer.class);
System.out.println(customer2);

Customer

public class Customer {

    @SerializedName("cust_id")
    private List<String> custId;

    public List<String> getCustId() {
        return custId;
    }

    public void setCustId(List<String> custId) {
        this.custId = custId;
    }
}

客户解串器

public class CustomerDeserializer implements JsonDeserializer<Customer> {

@Override
public Customer deserialize(JsonElement jsonElement, Type typeOf, JsonDeserializationContext context) throws JsonParseException {
    Customer result = null;
    Gson gson = new Gson();

    try {
        // try to deserialize by assuming JSON has a list
        result = gson.fromJson(jsonElement, Customer.class);
    } catch (JsonSyntaxException jse) {
        // error here means JSON has a single string instead of a list

        try {
            // get the single ID
            String custId = jsonElement.getAsJsonObject().get("cust_id").getAsString();

            result = new Customer();
            result.setCustId(Arrays.asList(new String[] {custId}));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // more error handling here
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    return result;
}

}

Output

Customer [custId=[87655]]
Customer [custId=[12345, 45678]]