为锦标赛系统分配奖品

我正在寻找一种将数字分布到 x 个单位的方法。我什至不知道如何表达这个词，所以我举个例子：

有一场锦标赛，总奖金为 1000 美元。我希望前 20 名获胜者/参赛者能够从中赢得一些东西。
我需要一个数学算法/公式，将其分配给这些玩家，并让我有能力控制分配的某些其他因素。

例如，我希望排名第一的获胜者能够获得 300 美元。排名第二的获胜者将获得较小的比例。总分配必须给每个人一些东西，直到前 20 名获胜者（最后一名）将获得至少 X 美元。
X$ 是我想控制的另一个因素。

任何想法？这个问题有名字吗（这个名字是什么）？有代码示例吗？

编辑 #1 - 我的第一个提案:

#include <conio.h>
#include <vector>

#define TOTAL                       100
#define WINNERS                     15
#define FIRST_WINNER_PERCENTAGE     0.30

void distribute_1(::std::vector<double> * const prizes)
{
    prizes->clear();

    double total = TOTAL;
    double winning_percentage = FIRST_WINNER_PERCENTAGE;
    double slope = 0.5;
    int winners = WINNERS;

    double winning = 0;
    for(int i = 0; i < winners; i++, total -= winning, winning_percentage /= 2)
    {
        winning = total * winning_percentage;
        prizes->push_back(winning);
    }
}
void distribute_2(::std::vector<double> * const prizes)
{
    prizes->clear();

    double total = TOTAL;
    double winning_percentage = FIRST_WINNER_PERCENTAGE;
    double slope = 0.5;
    int winners = WINNERS;

    double winning = 0;
    for(int i = 0; i < winners; i++, total -= winning/*, winning_percentage /= 2*/)
    {
        winning = total * winning_percentage;
        prizes->push_back(winning);
    }
}
void distribute_3(::std::vector<double> * const prizes)
{
    prizes->clear();

    double total = TOTAL;
    double winning_percentage = FIRST_WINNER_PERCENTAGE;
    double slope = 0.0005;
    int winners = WINNERS;

    double winning = 0;
    for(int i = 0; i < winners; i++, total -= winning, winning_percentage -= slope)
    {
        winning = total * winning_percentage;
        prizes->push_back(winning);
    }
}
void distribute_4(::std::vector<double> * const prizes)
{
    prizes->clear();

    double total = TOTAL;
    double winning_percentage = FIRST_WINNER_PERCENTAGE;
    double slope = 1 / WINNERS;
    int winners = WINNERS;

    double winning = 0;
    for(int i = 0; i < winners; i++, total -= winning, winning_percentage -= slope)
    {
        winning = total * winning_percentage;
        prizes->push_back(winning);
    }
}

void main()
{
    ::std::vector<double> prizes;

    distribute_1(&prizes);
    distribute_2(&prizes);
    distribute_3(&prizes);
    distribute_4(&prizes);

    double total_granted = 0;
    for(int i = 0; i < WINNERS; i++)
    {
        total_granted += prizes[i];
        printf("%lf\n", prizes[i]);
    }
    printf("-\n%lf\n", total_granted);

    _getch();
}

这是我所能达到的极限。例如，这个问题的问题是，如果您将“WINNERS”设置为 5，则算法不会达到“TOTAL”数量（本例中为 100）或更接近（我总共得到 83） 。

克里斯蒂的解决方案:

#include <conio.h>
#include<iostream>
//using arithmetic progression
using namespace std;
int i;
float ratio;
float first_prize;
float s;
int main()
{
    float money=1000;
    const int total_prizes =        10;
    float last_prize =              99;
    float prizes[total_prizes+1];

    /**/first_prize=2*money/total_prizes-last_prize; //last member of the progresion
    ratio=(first_prize-last_prize)/(total_prizes-1);
    prizes[total_prizes]=last_prize;
    for(i=total_prizes-1;i>=1;i--){
       prizes[i]=prizes[i+1]+ratio;
       money-=prizes[i];
    }
    for(i=1;i<=total_prizes;i++){
        printf("%d) %.2f\n",i,prizes[i]);
        s+=prizes[i];
    }
    printf("TOTAL SUM:%.2f\n",s);
    printf("Ratio: %.2f", ratio);
    _getch();
}

现在是凌晨 1:15，我正在解数学:)）。
使用算术级数。
我使用定义进行了所有操作，以便您可以轻松更改它们。

#include<iostream>
//using arithmetic progression
using namespace std;
FILE *g=fopen("output.out","w");
#define last_prize 10
#define total_prizes 20
int i;
float prizes[total_prizes+1];
float money=1000;
float ratio;
float first_prize;
float s;
//a1=last_prize
//an=first_prize
int main(){
 first_prize=2*money/total_prizes+last_prize; //last member of the progresion
 ratio=(first_prize-last_prize)/(total_prizes-1);
 prizes[total_prizes]=last_prize;
    for(i=total_prizes-1;i>=1;i--)
       prizes[i]=prizes[i+1]+ratio;
 for(i=1;i<=total_prizes;i++){
  fprintf(g,"%d) %.2f\n",i,prizes[i]);
  s+=prizes[i];
 }
 fprintf(g,"TOTAL SUM:%.2f",s);
return 0;
}

OUTPUT:

1) 90.00
2) 85.79
3) 81.58
4) 77.37
5) 73.16
6) 68.95
7) 64.74
8) 60.53
9) 56.32
10) 52.11
11) 47.89
12) 43.68
13) 39.47
14) 35.26
15) 31.05
16) 26.84
17) 22.63
18) 18.42
19) 14.21
20) 10.00
TOTAL SUM:1000.00

正如你所看到的，它们的总和正好是 1000.00$ :D

其他结果：
INPUT:

#define last_prize 30
#define total_prizes 5

OUTPUT:

1) 370.00
2) 285.00
3) 200.00
4) 115.00
5) 30.00
TOTAL SUM:1000.00