JavaScript - 在 display:none 和 display:block 之间添加过渡

2024-03-01

我正在使用 JavaScript 来切换通知，如下所示。如何添加之间的过渡display: block and display: none;

我不想添加像 jQuery 这样的外部库，因为我只会使用toggle单独作用。

var btn = document.querySelector('button');

btn.addEventListener('click', function(){
  var hint = document.getElementById('hint');
  if(hint.style.display == 'none'){
    hint.style.display = 'block';
  }
  else{
    hint.style.display = 'none';
  }

});

div#hint{
  background: gold;
  color: orangered;
  padding: .5em;
  font-weight: bold;
}

<div id='hint'>
  
  <p>This is some hint on how to be safe in this community </p>
   <p>This is another hint on how to be safe in this community </p>
  </div>

<button> show hint </button>

我知道我可以使用 jQuery 来实现这一点，如下所示。

$(document).ready(function(){

$('button').click(function(){
$('#hint').toggle('slow');

});

});

div#hint{
      background: gold;
      color: orangered;
      padding: .5em;
      font-weight: bold;
    }

<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<div id='hint'>
      
      <p>This is some hint on how to be safe in this community </p>
       <p>This is another hint on how to be safe in this community </p>
      </div>

    <button> show hint </button>

我可以让按钮逐渐上下移动吗#hint是否像上面的 jQuery 示例中那样进行切换？我不想让按钮jump从一个位置到另一个位置。

@vothaison 的建议：CSS 过渡

从技术上讲，@vothaison 想使用setInterval相对于setTimeout，但我认为没有必要这样做。这只是更多的工作。

var hint = document.getElementById('hint');
var btn = document.getElementById('btn_show');

btn.addEventListener('click', function(){
  var ctr = 1;
  hint.className = hint.className !== 'show' ? 'show' : 'hide';
  if (hint.className === 'show') {
    hint.style.display = 'block';
    window.setTimeout(function(){
      hint.style.opacity = 1;
      hint.style.transform = 'scale(1)';
    },0);
  }
  if (hint.className === 'hide') {
    hint.style.opacity = 0;
    hint.style.transform = 'scale(0)';
    window.setTimeout(function(){
      hint.style.display = 'none';
    },700); // timed to match animation-duration
  }
 
});

#hint {
  background: yellow;
  color: red;
  padding: 16px;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  opacity: 0;
  transform: scale(0);
  transition: .6s ease opacity,.6s ease transform;
}

<div id="hint" style="display: none;">
  <p>This is some hint on how to be safe in this community </p>
  <p>This is another hint on how to be safe in this community </p>
</div>

<button id="btn_show"> Show hint </button>

使用 CSS 动画

var hint = document.getElementById('hint');
var btn = document.getElementById('btn_show');

btn.addEventListener('click', function(){
  hint.className = hint.className !== 'show' ? 'show' : 'hide';
  if (hint.className === 'show') {
    setTimeout(function(){
      hint.style.display = 'block';
    },0); // timed to occur immediately
  }
  if (hint.className === 'hide') {
    setTimeout(function(){
      hint.style.display = 'none';
    },700); // timed to match animation-duration
  }
});

@-webkit-keyframes in {
  0% { -webkit-transform: scale(0) rotate(12deg); opacity: 0; visibility: hidden;  }
  100% { -webkit-transform: scale(1) rotate(0); opacity: 1; visibility: visible; }
}

@keyframes in {
  0% { transform: scale(0) rotate(12deg); opacity: 0; visibility: hidden;  }
  100% { transform: scale(1) rotate(0); opacity: 1; visibility: visible; }
}

@-webkit-keyframes out {
  0% { -webkit-transform: scale(1) rotate(0); opacity: 1; visibility: visible; }
  100% { -webkit-transform: scale(0) rotate(-12deg); opacity: 0; visibility: hidden; }
}

@keyframes out {
  0% { transform: scale(1) rotate(0); opacity: 1; visibility: visible; }
  100% { transform: scale(0) rotate(-12deg); opacity: 0; visibility: hidden;  }
}

#hint {
  background: yellow;
  color: red;
  padding: 16px;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

#hint.show {
  -webkit-animation: in 700ms ease both;
  animation: in 700ms ease both;
}

#hint.hide {
  -webkit-animation: out 700ms ease both;
  animation: out 700ms ease both;
}

<div id="hint" style="display: none;">
  <p>This is some hint on how to be safe in this community </p>
  <p>This is another hint on how to be safe in this community </p>
</div>

<button id="btn_show"> Show hint </button>

使用普通 JavaScript

有很多很多方法可以用普通 JavaScript 来完成此类事情，所以这里是一种方法的快速概述：

// you may need to polyfill requestAnimationFrame

var hint = document.getElementById('hint');
var btn = document.getElementById('btn_show');

btn.addEventListener('click', function(){
  var ctr = 0;
  hint.className = hint.className !== 'show' ? 'show' : 'hide';
  
  if (hint.className === 'show') {
    window.setTimeout(function(){
      hint.style.display = 'block';
      fadein();
    },0); // do this asap        
  }
  
  if (hint.className === 'hide') {
    fadeout();
    window.setTimeout(function(){
      hint.style.display = 'none';
    },700); // time this to fit the animation
  }
  
  function fadein(){
    hint.style.opacity = ctr !== 10 ? '0.'+ctr : 1;
    hint.style.transform = ctr !== 10 ? 'scale('+('0.'+ctr)+')' : 'scale(1)';
    ctr++;
    
    if (ctr < 11)
      requestAnimationFrame(fadein);
    
    else
      ctr = 0;
  }

  function fadeout(){
    hint.style.opacity = 1 - ('0.'+ctr);
    hint.style.transform = 'scale('+(1 - ('0.'+ctr))+')';
    ctr++;
    
    if (ctr < 10)
      requestAnimationFrame(fadeout);
    else
      ctr = 0;
  }
});

#hint {
  background: yellow;
  color: red;
  padding: 16px;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  opacity: 0;
}

<div id="hint" style="display: none;">
  <p>This is some hint on how to be safe in this community </p>
  <p>This is another hint on how to be safe in this community </p>
</div>

<button id="btn_show"> Show hint </button>

说说你对 GreenSock、Velocity.js、jQuery 等的看法——它们都简化了显示和隐藏事物的过程。为什么不直接借用 jQuery 源代码中的 show 和 hide 函数呢？

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