我正在编写一个脚本来自动生成演示数据，并且需要在 JSON 中序列化一些数据。该数据的一部分是图像，因此我将其编码为 base64，但是当我尝试运行脚本时，我得到：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "lazyAutomationScript.py", line 113, in <module>
json.dump(out_dict, outfile)
File "/usr/lib/python3.4/json/__init__.py", line 178, in dump
for chunk in iterable:
File "/usr/lib/python3.4/json/encoder.py", line 422, in _iterencode
yield from _iterencode_dict(o, _current_indent_level)
File "/usr/lib/python3.4/json/encoder.py", line 396, in _iterencode_dict
yield from chunks
File "/usr/lib/python3.4/json/encoder.py", line 396, in _iterencode_dict
yield from chunks
File "/usr/lib/python3.4/json/encoder.py", line 429, in _iterencode
o = _default(o)
File "/usr/lib/python3.4/json/encoder.py", line 173, in default
raise TypeError(repr(o) + " is not JSON serializable")
TypeError: b'iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAADWcAABRACAYAAABf7ZytAAAABGdB...
...
BF2jhLaJNmRwAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC' is not JSON serializable
据我所知，base64 编码的任何内容（在本例中为 PNG 图像）只是一个字符串，因此它应该会给序列化带来问题。我缺少什么？
您必须小心数据类型。
如果读取二进制图像，您将获得字节。
如果您以 Base64 编码这些字节，您将再次获得...字节！ （参见有关的文档b64编码 https://docs.python.org/3/library/base64.html#base64.b64encode)
json 无法处理原始字节，这就是您收到错误的原因。
我刚刚写了一些例子，附有评论，希望对您有所帮助：
from base64 import b64encode
from json import dumps
ENCODING = 'utf-8'
IMAGE_NAME = 'spam.jpg'
JSON_NAME = 'output.json'
# first: reading the binary stuff
# note the 'rb' flag
# result: bytes
with open(IMAGE_NAME, 'rb') as open_file:
byte_content = open_file.read()
# second: base64 encode read data
# result: bytes (again)
base64_bytes = b64encode(byte_content)
# third: decode these bytes to text
# result: string (in utf-8)
base64_string = base64_bytes.decode(ENCODING)
# optional: doing stuff with the data
# result here: some dict
raw_data = {IMAGE_NAME: base64_string}
# now: encoding the data to json
# result: string
json_data = dumps(raw_data, indent=2)
# finally: writing the json string to disk
# note the 'w' flag, no 'b' needed as we deal with text here
with open(JSON_NAME, 'w') as another_open_file:
another_open_file.write(json_data)
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