如何从接口获取物理接口IP地址

到目前为止我使用 PyQt 类所做的事情：

all_Addresses = QNetworkInterface.allAddresses()    #list-of-QHostAddress

for addr in all_Addresses:
    print(addr.toString())

Output:

172.16.0.186 - Virtual Interface IP address
192.168.10.2 - Physical interface IP address. I want this one.
127.0.0.1

Using socket:

import socket
print(socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname()))

Output:

172.16.0.186 - When openVPN is on
192.168.10.2 - When its off

1. 有没有办法区分它们？
2. 这可以用普通的 Python 来完成，而不是使用 PyQt 类吗？
3. 我怎样才能获得 IPv6 地址？

你应该使用网络面孔 http://pypi.python.org/pypi/netifaces/。它被设计为跨平台的，包含适用于 Windows 的专用代码以及在不同 UNIX/类 UNIX 平台上工作的各种通用版本。

As of 网络面孔 http://pypi.python.org/pypi/netifaces/版本0.10.0，支持Python3。

使用总结

>>> from netifaces import AF_INET, AF_INET6, AF_LINK, AF_PACKET, AF_BRIDGE
>>> import netifaces as ni
>>> ni.interfaces()
['lo', 'eth0', 'eth1', 'vboxnet0', 'dummy1']
>>>
>>> ni.ifaddresses('eth0')[AF_LINK]   # NOTE: AF_LINK is an alias for AF_PACKET
[{'broadcast': 'ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff', 'addr': '00:02:55:7b:b2:f6'}]
>>> ni.ifaddresses('eth0')[AF_INET]
[{'broadcast': '172.16.161.7', 'netmask': '255.255.255.248', 'addr': '172.16.161.6'}]
>>>
>>> # eth0 ipv4 interface address
>>> ni.ifaddresses('eth0')[AF_INET][0]['addr']
'172.16.161.6'
>>>>

Details

Windows 支持：

大多数 MS Windows 安装不需要编译器。如果您收到有关安装 MS Visual C++ for Windows 的警告，请非常小心 https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2817869/error-unable-to-find-vcvarsall-bat#comment23311731_10558328因为你需要将用于 python 的编译器版本与用于模块的编译器版本相匹配。

详细示例网络面孔 http://pypi.python.org/pypi/netifaces/数据结构：

>>> import netifaces as ni
>>> ni.interfaces()
['lo', 'eth0', 'eth1', 'vboxnet0', 'dummy1']
>>> ni.ifaddresses('eth0')
{
    17: [
        {
            'broadcast': 'ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff',
            'addr': '00:02:55:7b:b2:f6'
        }
    ],
    2: [
        {
            'broadcast': '172.16.161.7',
            'netmask': '255.255.255.248',
            'addr': '172.16.161.6'
        }
    ],
    10: [
        {
            'netmask': 'ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::',
            'addr': 'fe80::202:55ff:fe7b:b2f6%eth0'
        }
    ]
}
>>> 
>>> print(ni.ifaddresses.__doc__)
Obtain information about the specified network interface.

Returns a dict whose keys are equal to the address family constants,
e.g. netifaces.AF_INET, and whose values are a list of addresses in
that family that are attached to the network interface.
>>>
>>> # for the IPv4 address of eth0
>>> ni.ifaddresses('eth0')[2][0]['addr']
'172.16.161.6'

用于索引协议的数字来自/usr/include/linux/socket.h（在 Linux 中）...EDIT：我的 3.2 内核有它们：/usr/src/linux-headers-3.2.0-4-common/include/linux/socket.h

#define AF_INET         2       /* Internet IP Protocol         */
#define AF_INET6        10      /* IP version 6                 */
#define AF_PACKET       17      /* Packet family                */

好消息是您不必记住所有这些标头常量，它们包含在网络面孔 http://pypi.python.org/pypi/netifaces/:

>>> from netifaces import AF_INET, AF_INET6, AF_LINK, AF_PACKET, AF_BRIDGE
>>> import netifaces as ni