使用 IPython 嵌入 Python：WindowsError：[错误 193] %1 不是有效的 Win32 应用程序

尝试运行：

#include <Python.h>

int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
  Py_SetProgramName(argv[0]);  /* optional but recommended */
  Py_Initialize();
  PyRun_SimpleString("import IPython\n"
                     "IPython.embed()\n");
  Py_Finalize();
  return 0;
}

使用 mignw64 gcc 4.6.0 编译（g++ -I /c/prog64/Python27/include t.cpp /c/prog64/Python27/libs/libpython27.a）在 Windows 7 下我收到错误：

$ a.exe
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<string>", line 2, in <module>
  File "c:\prog64\python27\lib\site-packages\IPython\terminal\embed.py", line 290, in embed
    shell = InteractiveShellEmbed.instance(**kwargs)
  File "c:\prog64\python27\lib\site-packages\IPython\config\configurable.py", line 354, in instance
    inst = cls(*args, **kwargs)
  File "c:\prog64\python27\lib\site-packages\IPython\terminal\embed.py", line 92, in __init__
    display_banner=display_banner
  File "c:\prog64\python27\lib\site-packages\IPython\terminal\interactiveshell.py", line 328, in  __init__
    **kwargs
  File "c:\prog64\python27\lib\site-packages\IPython\core\interactiveshell.py", line 483, in __init__
    self.init_readline()
  File "c:\prog64\python27\lib\site-packages\IPython\core\interactiveshell.py", line 1817, in init_readline
    import IPython.utils.rlineimpl as readline
  File "c:\prog64\python27\lib\site-packages\IPython\utils\rlineimpl.py", line 21, in <module>
    _rl = __import__(_rlmod_name)
  File "c:\prog64\python27\lib\site-packages\readline.py", line 6, in <module>
    from pyreadline.rlmain import Readline
  File "c:\prog64\python27\lib\site-packages\pyreadline\__init__.py", line 11, in <module>
    from . import unicode_helper, logger, clipboard, lineeditor, modes, console
  File "c:\prog64\python27\lib\site-packages\pyreadline\console\__init__.py", line 15, in <module>
    from .console import *
  File "c:\prog64\python27\lib\site-packages\pyreadline\console\console.py", line 610, in <module>
    msvcrt = cdll.LoadLibrary(ctypes.util.find_msvcrt())
  File "C:\prog64\Python27\Lib\ctypes\__init__.py", line 443, in LoadLibrary
    return self._dlltype(name)
  File "C:\prog64\Python27\Lib\ctypes\__init__.py", line 365, in __init__
    self._handle = _dlopen(self._name, mode)
WindowsError: [Error 193] %1 is not a valid Win32 applicationTraceback (most recent call last):

请注意，其他命令PyRun_SimpleString做工作;另外，在命令行 python 会话中：

import IPython
IPython.embed()

works.

我预计该问题与 _dlopen 查找的 MSVCR90.DLL 以及 g++ 链接到“正常”MSVCRT.DLL 的事实有关。使用 VS2008 编译并不是一个简单的选择。使用 VS2010 编译时会出现相同的错误消息。 Python 设置为 Anaconda Python 2.7.8 64 位。

问题确实与msvcr90.dll有关。解决这个问题的方法是将程序链接到msvcr90.dll。但是，要链接到 msvcr90.dll，您需要有一个清单，否则您将收到运行时错误。这个清单看起来像：

<assembly xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1" manifestVersion="1.0">
  <trustInfo xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v3">
    <security>
      <requestedPrivileges>
        <requestedExecutionLevel level="asInvoker" uiAccess="false"></requestedExecutionLevel>
      </requestedPrivileges>
    </security>
  </trustInfo>
  <dependency>
    <dependentAssembly>
      <assemblyIdentity type="win32" name="Microsoft.VC90.CRT" version="9.0.21022.8" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b"></assemblyIdentity>
    </dependentAssembly>
  </dependency>
</assembly>

我用文本编辑器从 python.exe 中提取并命名为msvcr90.manifest。该清单使用资源文件链接到应用程序msvcr90.rc

#include "winuser.h"
1 RT_MANIFEST msvcr90.manifest

反过来可以使用以下方法将其编译成目标文件：

windres msvcr90.rc msvcr90.o

然后，使用该资源文件和 msvcr90.dll 编译程序变为：

g++ -I /c/prog64/Python27/include t.cpp /c/prog64/Python27/libs/libpython27.a msvcr90.o msvcr90.dll

我从 c:/Windows/winsxs/amd64_microsoft.vc90.crt_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.21022.8_none_750b37ff97f4f68b/msvcr90.dll 复制了 msvcr90.dll

对此的输入来自

• https://cournape.wordpress.com/2008/09/02/how-to-embed-a-manifest-into-a-dll-with-mingw-tools-only https://cournape.wordpress.com/2008/09/02/how-to-embed-a-manifest-into-a-dll-with-mingw-tools-only
• mingw 应用程序中的清单被忽略 https://stackoverflow.com/questions/20255591/manifest-being-ignored-in-mingw-app
• http://www.mingw.org/wiki/MS_resource_compiler http://www.mingw.org/wiki/MS_resource_compiler
• https://lists.launchpad.net/kicad-developers/msg09473.html https://lists.launchpad.net/kicad-developers/msg09473.html

以及其他几个网页解释了我如何做到这一点。