Python C-API 访问字符串常量

我想使用 python 的 C-API 在 C 语言中实现我为 python 编写的库。在 python 中，我可以通过声明以下内容在我的模块中声明“常量”：

RED = "red"   # Not really a constant, I know
BLUE = "blue" # but suitable, nevertheless

def solve(img_h):
    # Awesome computations
    return (RED, BLUE)[some_flag]

这些常量随后由模块提供的函数返回。我在 C 中做同样的事情时遇到了一些麻烦。这是我到目前为止得到的：

PyMODINIT_FUNC
PyInit_puzzler(void)
{
    PyObject* module = PyModule_Create(&Module);
    (void) PyModule_AddStringConstant(module, "BLUE",   "blue");
    (void) PyModule_AddStringConstant(module, "RED",    "red");
    return module;
}

PyObject* solve(PyObject* module, PyObject* file_handle)
{
    // Do some awesome computations based on the file
    // Involves HUGE amounts of memory management, thus efficient in C
    // PROBLEM: How do I return the StringConstants from here?
    return some_flag ? BLUE : RED;
}

我已经标记了有问题的部分。在我将字符串常量添加到模块后PyModule_AddStringConstant(module, "FOO", "foo");我怎样才能真正将它们作为PyObject*从我的方法？退货时是否需要增加参考计数器？

Since PyModule_AddStringConstant（模块，名称，值） https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/module.html#c.PyModule_AddStringConstant将常量添加到模块中，它应该可以从模块的字典中获得，可以通过以下方式获取PyModule_GetDict(模块) https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/module.html#c.PyModule_GetDict。然后，您可以使用以下命令通过其字典访问模块中的任何属性PyDict_GetItemString(字典，键) https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/dict.html#c.PyDict_GetItemString这是从模块访问常量的方法（在它们的定义之后）：

// Get module dict. This is a borrowed reference.
PyObject* module_dict = PyModule_GetDict(module);

// Get BLUE constant. This is a borrowed reference.
PyObject* BLUE = PyDict_GetItemString(module_dict, "BLUE");

// Get RED constant. This is a borrowed reference.
PyObject* RED = PyDict_GetItemString(module_dict, "RED");

将此与您的上下文结合起来solve()函数，你想要类似的东西：

PyObject* solve(PyObject* module, PyObject* file_handle)
{
    // Do some awesome computations based on the file
    // Involves HUGE amounts of memory management, thus efficient in C

    // Return string constant at the end.
    PyObject* module_dict = PyModule_GetDict(module);
    PyObject* constant = NULL;
    if (some_flag) {
        // Return BLUE constant. Since BLUE is a borrowed 
        // reference, increment its reference count before 
        // returning it.
        constant = PyDict_GetItemString(module_dict, "BLUE");
        Py_INCREF(constant);
    } else {
        // Return RED constant. Since RED is a borrowed 
        // reference, increment its reference count before 
        // returning it.
        constant = PyDict_GetItemString(module_dict, "RED");
        Py_INCREF(constant);
    }

    // NOTE: Before you return, make sure to release any owned
    // references that this function acquired. `module_dict` does
    // not need to be released because it is merely "borrowed".

    // Return the constant (either BLUE or RED) as an owned
    // reference. Whatever calls `solve()` must make sure to
    // release the returned reference with `Py_DECREF()`.
    return constant;
}