如何使用Android KeyStore安全存储任意字符串？

我希望能够在 Android KeyStore 中安全地存储一些敏感字符串。我从服务器获取字符串，但我有一个用例需要我保留它们。 KeyStore 只允许从与分配给我的应用程序相同的 UID 进行访问，并且它将使用设备主密码对数据进行加密，因此据我所知，我不必进行任何额外的加密来保护我的数据。我的问题是，我缺少一些有关如何写入数据的信息。只要省略对 KeyStore.store(null) 的调用，下面的代码就可以完美运行。该代码失败，只要我将数据放入 KeyStore 后无法存储数据，那么我就无法持久化它。

我想我错过了有关 KeyStore API 的一些内容，但我不知道是什么。任何帮助表示赞赏！

String metaKey = "ourSecretKey";
String encodedKey = "this is supposed to be a secret";
byte[] encodedKeyBytes = new byte[(int)encodedKey.length()];
encodedKeyBytes = encodedKey.getBytes("UTF-8");
KeyStoreParameter ksp = null;

//String algorithm = "DES";
String algorithm = "DESede";
SecretKeyFactory secretKeyFactory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance(algorithm);
SecretKeySpec secretKeySpec = new SecretKeySpec(encodedKeyBytes, algorithm);
SecretKey secretKey = secretKeyFactory.generateSecret(secretKeySpec);

KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());

keyStore.load(null);

KeyStore.SecretKeyEntry secretKeyEntry = new KeyStore.SecretKeyEntry(secretKey);
keyStore.setEntry(metaKey, secretKeyEntry, ksp);

keyStore.store(null);

String recoveredSecret = "";
if (keyStore.containsAlias(metaKey)) {
    KeyStore.SecretKeyEntry recoveredEntry = (KeyStore.SecretKeyEntry)keyStore.getEntry(metaKey, ksp);
    byte[] bytes = recoveredEntry.getSecretKey().getEncoded();
    for (byte b : bytes) {
        recoveredSecret += (char)b;
     }
}
Log.v(TAG, "recovered " + recoveredSecret);

我首先假设我可以使用 AndroidKeyStore 来保护任意数据块，并将它们称为“密钥”。然而，我越深入地研究这一点，就越清楚地发现 KeyStore API 与安全相关的对象深深纠缠在一起：证书、KeySpecs、提供程序等。它不是为存储任意数据而设计的，而且我没有看到一个简单的方法将其弯曲到该目的的路径。

但是，AndroidKeyStore 可用于帮助我保护敏感数据。我可以使用它来管理加密密钥，我将使用它来加密应用程序本地的数据。通过结合使用 AndroidKeyStore、CipherOutputStream 和 CipherInputStream，我们可以：

• 在设备上生成、安全存储和检索加密密钥
• 加密任意数据并将其保存在设备上（在应用程序的目录中，它将受到文件系统权限的进一步保护）
• 访问并解密数据以供后续使用。

下面是一些示例代码，演示了如何实现这一点。

try {
    KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance("AndroidKeyStore");
    keyStore.load(null);

    String alias = "key3";

    int nBefore = keyStore.size();

    // Create the keys if necessary
    if (!keyStore.containsAlias(alias)) {

        Calendar notBefore = Calendar.getInstance();
        Calendar notAfter = Calendar.getInstance();
        notAfter.add(Calendar.YEAR, 1);
        KeyPairGeneratorSpec spec = new KeyPairGeneratorSpec.Builder(this)
            .setAlias(alias)
            .setKeyType("RSA")
            .setKeySize(2048)
            .setSubject(new X500Principal("CN=test"))
            .setSerialNumber(BigInteger.ONE)
            .setStartDate(notBefore.getTime())
            .setEndDate(notAfter.getTime())
            .build();
        KeyPairGenerator generator = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA", "AndroidKeyStore");
        generator.initialize(spec);

        KeyPair keyPair = generator.generateKeyPair();
    }
    int nAfter = keyStore.size();
    Log.v(TAG, "Before = " + nBefore + " After = " + nAfter);

    // Retrieve the keys
    KeyStore.PrivateKeyEntry privateKeyEntry = (KeyStore.PrivateKeyEntry)keyStore.getEntry(alias, null);
    RSAPrivateKey privateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) privateKeyEntry.getPrivateKey();
    RSAPublicKey publicKey = (RSAPublicKey) privateKeyEntry.getCertificate().getPublicKey();

    Log.v(TAG, "private key = " + privateKey.toString());
    Log.v(TAG, "public key = " + publicKey.toString());

    // Encrypt the text
    String plainText = "This text is supposed to be a secret!";
    String dataDirectory = getApplicationInfo().dataDir;
    String filesDirectory = getFilesDir().getAbsolutePath();
    String encryptedDataFilePath = filesDirectory + File.separator + "keep_yer_secrets_here";

    Log.v(TAG, "plainText = " + plainText);
    Log.v(TAG, "dataDirectory = " + dataDirectory);
    Log.v(TAG, "filesDirectory = " + filesDirectory);
    Log.v(TAG, "encryptedDataFilePath = " + encryptedDataFilePath);

    Cipher inCipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding", "AndroidOpenSSL");
    inCipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey);

    Cipher outCipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding", "AndroidOpenSSL");
    outCipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey);

    CipherOutputStream cipherOutputStream = 
        new CipherOutputStream(
            new FileOutputStream(encryptedDataFilePath), inCipher);
    cipherOutputStream.write(plainText.getBytes("UTF-8"));
    cipherOutputStream.close();

    CipherInputStream cipherInputStream = 
        new CipherInputStream(new FileInputStream(encryptedDataFilePath),
            outCipher);
    byte [] roundTrippedBytes = new byte[1000]; // TODO: dynamically resize as we get more data

    int index = 0;
    int nextByte;
    while ((nextByte = cipherInputStream.read()) != -1) {
        roundTrippedBytes[index] = (byte)nextByte;
        index++;
    }
    String roundTrippedString = new String(roundTrippedBytes, 0, index, "UTF-8");
    Log.v(TAG, "round tripped string = " + roundTrippedString);

} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
    Log.e(TAG, Log.getStackTraceString(e));
} catch (NoSuchProviderException e) {
    Log.e(TAG, Log.getStackTraceString(e));
} catch (InvalidAlgorithmParameterException e) {
    Log.e(TAG, Log.getStackTraceString(e));
} catch (KeyStoreException e) {
    Log.e(TAG, Log.getStackTraceString(e));
} catch (CertificateException e) {
    Log.e(TAG, Log.getStackTraceString(e));
} catch (IOException e) {
    Log.e(TAG, Log.getStackTraceString(e));
} catch (UnrecoverableEntryException e) {
    Log.e(TAG, Log.getStackTraceString(e));
} catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) {
    Log.e(TAG, Log.getStackTraceString(e));
} catch (InvalidKeyException e) {
    Log.e(TAG, Log.getStackTraceString(e));
} catch (BadPaddingException e) {
    Log.e(TAG, Log.getStackTraceString(e));
} catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) {
    Log.e(TAG, Log.getStackTraceString(e));
} catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
    Log.e(TAG, Log.getStackTraceString(e));
}