Python tkinter.filedialog Askfolder 干扰 clr

我主要在 Spyder 中工作，构建需要弹出文件夹或文件浏览窗口的脚本。

下面的代码在spyder中完美运行。 在 Pycharm 中，askopenfilename工作良好，同时askdirectory什么都不做（卡住了）。 但是，如果在调试模式下运行 - 该脚本运行良好。 我尝试从 SAS jsl 运行脚本 - 同样的问题。

知道我应该做什么吗？ Python 3.6 皮查姆2017.2

Thanks.

我正在使用的代码包括：

import clr #pythonnet 2.3.0
import os
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter.filedialog import (askdirectory,askopenfilename)

root = tk.Tk()
root.withdraw()
PPath=askdirectory(title="Please select your installation folder location", initialdir=r"C:\Program Files\\")

t="Please select jdk file"
if os.path.exists(os.path.expanduser('~\Documents')):
    FFile = askopenfilename(filetypes=(("jdk file", "*.jdk"),("All Files", "*.*")),title=t, initialdir=os.path.expanduser('~\Documents'))
else:
    FFile= askopenfilename(filetypes=(("jdk file", "*.jdk"),("All Files", "*.*")),title=t)

sys.path.append(marsDllPath)
a = clr.AddReference('MatlabFunctions')
aObj = a.CreateInstance('Example.MatlabFunctions.MatLabFunctions')

编辑：似乎与 pythonnet“import clr”相关的问题，但我确实在代码中需要它。

类似的问题在这里问：https://github.com/pythonnet/pythonnet/issues/648 https://github.com/pythonnet/pythonnet/issues/648

你的问题虽然不那么明显，但相当平庸。问题不在于tinker or pythonnet，它源于COM线程模型。

首先，由于您正在使用clr，让我们尝试直接使用对话框（并不是绝对需要导入tinker模块）：

#   importing pythonnet
import clr

#   adding reference (if necessary) to WinForms and importing dialogs
#   clr.AddReference('System.Windows.Forms')
from System.Windows.Forms import OpenFileDialog, FolderBrowserDialog

#   creating instances of dialogs
folder_dialog = FolderBrowserDialog()
file_dialog = OpenFileDialog()

#   try to show any of them
folder_dialog.ShowDialog()
file_dialog.ShowDialog()

如您所见，它就像您的情况一样悬挂着。原因如上所述，源于线程的单元状态（[1] https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms809971.aspx, [2] https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms693344(v=vs.85).aspx).

因此clrimplicilty 将此状态设置为 MTA（多线程单元），可以通过以下方式进行测试CoGetApartmentType https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd542641%28v=vs.85%29.aspx功能：

#   importing ctypes stuff
import ctypes
get_apartment = ctypes.windll.ole32.CoGetApartmentType

#   comment/uncomment this import to see the difference
#   import clr

apt_type = ctypes.c_uint(0)
apt_qualifier = ctypes.c_uint(0)

if get_apartment(ctypes.byref(apt_type), ctypes.byref(apt_qualifier)) == 0:
    #   APPTYPE enum: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms693793(v=vs.85).aspx
    #   APTTYPEQUALIFIER enum: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd542638(v=vs.85).aspx
    print('APTTYPE = %d\tAPTTYPEQUALIFIER = %d' % (apt_type.value, apt_qualifier.value))
else:
    print('COM model not initialized!')

但是，许多较旧的 COM 对象（例如 shell 对话框）需要 STA 模式。 可以找到关于这两种状态之间差异的很好的解释here https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4154429/apartmentstate-for-dummies or there https://stackoverflow.com/questions/127188/could-you-explain-sta-and-mta.

最后给出解决方案：

1）使用STA线程进行对话：

#   importing tkinter stuff
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter.filedialog import askdirectory, askopenfilename

#   importing pythonnet
import clr

#   adding reference (if necessary) to WinForms and importing dialogs
#clr.AddReference('System.Windows.Forms')
from System.Windows.Forms import OpenFileDialog, FolderBrowserDialog

#   adding reference (if necessary) to Threading and importing Thread functionality
#clr.AddReference('System.Threading')
from System.Threading import Thread, ThreadStart, ApartmentState


#   WinForms thread function example
def dialog_thread():
    folder_dialog = FolderBrowserDialog()
    file_dialog = OpenFileDialog()

    folder_dialog.ShowDialog()
    file_dialog.ShowDialog()

#   Tk thread function example
def tk_dialog_thread():
    root = tk.Tk()
    root.withdraw()

    askdirectory()
    askopenfilename()

#   check again apartment state at start
current_state = Thread.CurrentThread.GetApartmentState()
if current_state == ApartmentState.STA:
    print('Current state: STA')
elif current_state == ApartmentState.MTA:
    print('Current state: MTA')

#   start dialogs via CLR
thread = Thread(ThreadStart(dialog_thread))
thread.SetApartmentState(ApartmentState.STA)
thread.Start()
thread.Join()

#   start dialogs via Tkinter
thread = Thread(ThreadStart(tk_dialog_thread))
thread.SetApartmentState(ApartmentState.STA)
thread.Start()
thread.Join()

2) 强制 STA 模式通过CoInitialize https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms678543(v=vs.85).aspx/CoInitializeEx https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms695279(v=vs.85).aspx在 CLR 为 MTA 执行此操作之前：

#   importing ctypes stuff
import ctypes
co_initialize = ctypes.windll.ole32.CoInitialize

#   importing tkinter stuff
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter.filedialog import askdirectory, askopenfilename

#   Force STA mode
co_initialize(None)

# importing pythonnet
import clr 

#   dialogs test
root = tk.Tk()
root.withdraw()

askdirectory()
askopenfilename()