使用 C#、BouncyCastle 和导入的 RSA 密钥进行 RSA 签名和验证 - 内部工作 Python 示例和非工作 C# 代码示例

我一直在绞尽脑汁试图获得一个使用 C# 和 BouncyCastle 进行 RSA 数据签名和验证的简单示例。

在适用于我的 Python 和 M2Crypto 的示例中，RSACryptoServiceProvider.VerifyHash() 始终返回 false。

我已经验证工作示例和 C# 示例之间的哈希签名是相同的，但我被困住了。我觉得我遗漏了一些重要的细节。

接下来是工作的 Python 代码和非工作的 C# 代码。

密钥是用以下命令生成的

openssl genrsa -out testkey.pem 1024
openssl rsa -in testkey.pem -pubout > testkey.pub

Python 代码（工作）：

    private = """-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----"""

public = """-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQCxSHbp1ID/XHEdzVzgqYR1F/79
PeMbqzuKNZChvt1gFObBhKyBpgaHDHw3UZrO8s/hBEE/Mpe2Lh90ZAFdPIXq+HyV
oznXMoJYBv0uLDApvSQbJNOdf7T5VwmpBbkfj1NAlm39Eun9uBSokEOnB24g+bcz
PQPGOASrQ2Ly9afOZQIDAQAB
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----"""

message = "test input string"

import base64

# Use EVP api to sign message
from M2Crypto import EVP
key = EVP.load_key_string(private)
key.reset_context(md='sha1')
key.sign_init()
key.sign_update(message)
signature = key.sign_final()

encoded = base64.b64encode(signature)
print encoded

with open("python_sig2.txt","w") as f:
    f.write(encoded)

# Use EVP api to verify signature
from M2Crypto import BIO, RSA, EVP
bio = BIO.MemoryBuffer(public)
rsa = RSA.load_pub_key_bio(bio)
pubkey = EVP.PKey()
pubkey.assign_rsa(rsa)
pubkey.reset_context(md="sha1")
pubkey.verify_init()
pubkey.verify_update(message)
decoded = base64.b64decode(encoded)
print pubkey.verify_final(decoded) == 1

C# 代码（verifyhash() 返回 false）：

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Text;
using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto;
using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Parameters;
using Org.BouncyCastle.OpenSsl;
using Org.BouncyCastle.Security;


namespace RsaSignTest
{
    class Program
    {
        private const string privateKey =
            @"-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----";

        private const string publicKey =
            @"-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQCxSHbp1ID/XHEdzVzgqYR1F/79
PeMbqzuKNZChvt1gFObBhKyBpgaHDHw3UZrO8s/hBEE/Mpe2Lh90ZAFdPIXq+HyV
oznXMoJYBv0uLDApvSQbJNOdf7T5VwmpBbkfj1NAlm39Eun9uBSokEOnB24g+bcz
PQPGOASrQ2Ly9afOZQIDAQAB
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----";

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var data = "test input string";
            var sig = SignWithPrivateKey(data);
            var valid = VerifyWithPublicKey(data,sig);
        }

        private static byte[] SignWithPrivateKey(string data)
        {
            RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa;

            using (var keyreader = new StringReader(privateKey))
            {
                var pemreader = new PemReader(keyreader);
                var y = (AsymmetricCipherKeyPair) pemreader.ReadObject();
                var rsaPrivKey = (RsaPrivateCrtKeyParameters)y.Private;
                rsa = (RSACryptoServiceProvider)RSACryptoServiceProvider.Create();
                var rsaParameters = DotNetUtilities.ToRSAParameters(rsaPrivKey);
                rsa.ImportParameters(rsaParameters);

            }

            // compute sha1 hash of the data
            var sha = new SHA1CryptoServiceProvider();
            byte[] hash = sha.ComputeHash(Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(data));

            // actually compute the signature of the SHA1 hash of the data
            var sig = rsa.SignHash(hash, CryptoConfig.MapNameToOID("SHA1"));

            // base64 encode the signature and write to compare to the python version
            String b64signature = Convert.ToBase64String(sig);
            using (var sigwriter = new StreamWriter(@"C:\scratch\csharp_sig2.txt"))
            {
                sigwriter.Write(b64signature);
            }

            return sig;
        }

        private static bool VerifyWithPublicKey(string data,byte[] sig)
        {
            RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa;

            using (var keyreader = new StringReader(publicKey))
            {
                var pemReader = new PemReader(keyreader);
                var y = (RsaKeyParameters) pemReader.ReadObject();
                rsa = (RSACryptoServiceProvider) RSACryptoServiceProvider.Create();
                var rsaParameters = new RSAParameters();
                rsaParameters.Modulus = y.Modulus.ToByteArray();
                rsaParameters.Exponent = y.Exponent.ToByteArray();
                rsa.ImportParameters(rsaParameters);
            }

            // compute sha1 hash of the data
            var sha = new SHA1CryptoServiceProvider();
            byte[] hash = sha.ComputeHash(Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(data));

            // This always returns false
            return rsa.VerifyHash(hash, CryptoConfig.MapNameToOID("SHA1"),sig);
        }
    }
}

此时我不知道如何继续，任何帮助将不胜感激。

您重建私钥/公钥的方式出了问题。显然在 python 中你需要这样做。

我创建了使用以下代码进行验证（以不同格式）的新密钥：

private static void GenerateKeys(out string forPubKey, out string forPrivKey)
        {
            GenerateKeys(out forPubKey, out forPrivKey, 2048, 65537, 80);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="forPubKey"></param>
        /// <param name="forPrivKey"></param>
        /// <param name="keyStrength">1024, 2048,4096</param>
        /// <param name="exponent">Typically a fermat number 3, 5, 17, 257, 65537, 4294967297, 18446744073709551617,</param>
        /// <param name="certaninty">Should be 80 or higher depending on Key strength number (exponent)</param>
        private static void GenerateKeys(out string forPubKey, out string forPrivKey, int keyStrength, int exponent, int certaninty)
        {
            // Create key
            RsaKeyPairGenerator generator = new RsaKeyPairGenerator();

            /*
             * This value should be a Fermat number. 0x10001 (F4) is current recommended value. 3 (F1) is known to be safe also.
             * 3, 5, 17, 257, 65537, 4294967297, 18446744073709551617,
             * 
             * Practically speaking, Windows does not tolerate public exponents which do not fit in a 32-bit unsigned integer. Using e=3 or e=65537 works "everywhere". 
             */
            BigInteger exponentBigInt = new BigInteger(exponent.ToString());

            var param = new RsaKeyGenerationParameters(
                exponentBigInt, // new BigInteger("10001", 16)  publicExponent
                new SecureRandom(),  // SecureRandom.getInstance("SHA1PRNG"),//prng
                keyStrength, //strength
                certaninty);//certainty
            generator.Init(param);
            AsymmetricCipherKeyPair keyPair = generator.GenerateKeyPair();

            // Save to export format
            SubjectPublicKeyInfo info = SubjectPublicKeyInfoFactory.CreateSubjectPublicKeyInfo(keyPair.Public);
            byte[] ret = info.GetEncoded();
            forPubKey = Convert.ToBase64String(ret);

            //  EncryptedPrivateKeyInfo asdf = EncryptedPrivateKeyInfoFactory.CreateEncryptedPrivateKeyInfo(
            //    DerObjectIdentifier.Ber,,,keyPair.Private);

            //// demonstration: how to serialise option 1
            //TextWriter textWriter = new StringWriter();
            //PemWriter pemWriter = new PemWriter(textWriter);
            //pemWriter.WriteObject(keyPair);
            //pemWriter.Writer.Flush();
            //string ret2 = textWriter.ToString();

            //// demonstration: how to serialise option 1
            //TextReader tr = new StringReader(ret2);
            //PemReader read = new PemReader(tr);
            //AsymmetricCipherKeyPair something = (AsymmetricCipherKeyPair)read.ReadObject();

            //// demonstration: how to serialise option 2 (don't know how to deserailize)
            //PrivateKeyInfo pKinfo = PrivateKeyInfoFactory.CreatePrivateKeyInfo(keyPair.Private);
            //byte[] privRet = pKinfo.GetEncoded();
            //string forPrivKey2Test = Convert.ToBase64String(privRet);



            PrivateKeyInfo pKinfo = PrivateKeyInfoFactory.CreatePrivateKeyInfo(keyPair.Private);
            byte[] privRet = pKinfo.GetEncoded();
            string forPrivKey2Test = Convert.ToBase64String(privRet);

            forPrivKey = forPrivKey2Test;
        }

然后将它们转回 RSA 对象，如下所示：

  // Private key
  RsaPrivateCrtKeyParameters kparam = ConvertToRSAPrivateKey(privateKey); 
        RSAParameters p1 = DotNetUtilities.ToRSAParameters(kparam);
        rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
        rsa.ImportParameters(p1);

 // Public key
 RsaKeyParameters kparam = ConvertToRSAPublicKey(publicKey);
        RSAParameters p1 = DotNetUtilities.ToRSAParameters(kparam);
        rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
        rsa.ImportParameters(p1);