canal
- Canal介绍
- Mysql环境准备
- 安装canal
- springboot整合canal
Canal介绍
官网地址:https://github.com/alibaba/canal
canal [kə’næl],译意为水道/管道/沟渠,主要用途是基于 MySQL 数据库增量日志解析,提供增量数据订阅和消费
早期阿里巴巴因为杭州和美国双机房部署,存在跨机房同步的业务需求,实现方式主要是基于业务 trigger 获取增量变更。从 2010 年开始,业务逐步尝试数据库日志解析获取增量变更进行同步,由此衍生出了大量的数据库增量订阅和消费业务。
基于日志增量订阅和消费的业务包括
数据库镜像
数据库实时备份
索引构建和实时维护(拆分异构索引、倒排索引等)
业务 cache 刷新
带业务逻辑的增量数据处理
当前的 canal 支持源端 MySQL 版本包括 5.1.x , 5.5.x , 5.6.x , 5.7.x , 8.0.x
Mysql环境准备
使用mysql5.1.x以上,我的mysql是8.0,27目前最新版
Mysql的安装可以去直接看教程windows安装mysql8.0.27
步骤1:创建一个canal用户,用来监控
create user 'canal'@'%' identified by 'canal';
grant SELECT, REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT on *.* to 'canal'@'%';
drop user 'canal'@'%';
注意:因为我的mysql是8.0.27最新版,与之前的mysql版本相比,创建账号和赋予权限的方式已经分开,如果你们用的不是最新的mysql,创建用户和赋予权限方式不是我这样,以下是之前的方式
create user 'canal'@'%' identified by 'canal';
grant SELECT, REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT on *.* to 'canal'@'%' identified by 'canal';
步骤2:在Mysql配置文件my,ini,添加以下内容:
[mysqld]
# 打开binlog
log-bin=mysql-bin
# 选择ROW(行)模式
binlog-format=ROW
# 配置MySQL replaction需要定义,不要和canal的slaveId重复
server_id=1
步骤3:修改之后,重启mysql,使用以下命令查看所需要的信息
show VARIABLES like '%log_bin%'
OFF是未开启,ON是已开启
show binary logs;
show master status;
安装canal
步骤1:资源下载
下载地址:https://github.com/alibaba/canal/releases
步骤2:解压下载好的资源(canal.deployer-1.1.5.tar.gz),到指定目录(随意)
步骤3:打开conf/example/instance.properties文件
#################################################
## mysql serverId , v1.0.26+ will autoGen
# canal.instance.mysql.slaveId=0
# enable gtid use true/false
canal.instance.gtidon=false
# position info
canal.instance.master.address=127.0.0.1:3306
canal.instance.master.journal.name=
canal.instance.master.position=
canal.instance.master.timestamp=
canal.instance.master.gtid=
# rds oss binlog
canal.instance.rds.accesskey=
canal.instance.rds.secretkey=
canal.instance.rds.instanceId=
# table meta tsdb info
canal.instance.tsdb.enable=true
#canal.instance.tsdb.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/canal_tsdb
#canal.instance.tsdb.dbUsername=canal
#canal.instance.tsdb.dbPassword=canal
#canal.instance.standby.address =
#canal.instance.standby.journal.name =
#canal.instance.standby.position =
#canal.instance.standby.timestamp =
#canal.instance.standby.gtid=
# username/password
canal.instance.dbUsername=canal
canal.instance.dbPassword=canal
canal.instance.connectionCharset = UTF-8
# enable druid Decrypt database password
canal.instance.enableDruid=false
#canal.instance.pwdPublicKey=MFwwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADSwAwSAJBALK4BUxdDltRRE5/zXpVEVPUgunvscYFtEip3pmLlhrWpacX7y7GCMo2/JM6LeHmiiNdH1FWgGCpUfircSwlWKUCAwEAAQ==
# table regex
canal.instance.filter.regex=.*\\..*
# table black regex
canal.instance.filter.black.regex=mysql\\.slave_.*
# table field filter(format: schema1.tableName1:field1/field2,schema2.tableName2:field1/field2)
#canal.instance.filter.field=test1.t_product:id/subject/keywords,test2.t_company:id/name/contact/ch
# table field black filter(format: schema1.tableName1:field1/field2,schema2.tableName2:field1/field2)
#canal.instance.filter.black.field=test1.t_product:subject/product_image,test2.t_company:id/name/contact/ch
# mq config
canal.mq.topic=example
# dynamic topic route by schema or table regex
#canal.mq.dynamicTopic=mytest1.user,mytest2\\..*,.*\\..*
canal.mq.partition=0
# hash partition config
#canal.mq.partitionsNum=3
#canal.mq.partitionHash=test.table:id^name,.*\\..*
#canal.mq.dynamicTopicPartitionNum=test.*:4,mycanal:6
#################################################
#################################################
## mysql serverId , v1.0.26+ will autoGen
# canal.instance.mysql.slaveId=0
# enable gtid use true/false
canal.instance.gtidon=false
# 数据库地址
canal.instance.master.address=127.0.0.1:3306
# binlog日志名称
canal.instance.master.journal.name=mysql-bin.000001
# mysql主库连接时起始的binlog偏移量
canal.instance.master.position=156
# mysql主库连接时起始的binlog时间戳
canal.instance.master.timestamp=
canal.instance.master.gtid=
# rds oss binlog
canal.instance.rds.accesskey=
canal.instance.rds.secretkey=
canal.instance.rds.instanceId=
# table meta tsdb info
canal.instance.tsdb.enable=true
#canal.instance.tsdb.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/canal_tsdb
#canal.instance.tsdb.dbUsername=canal
#canal.instance.tsdb.dbPassword=canal
#canal.instance.standby.address =
#canal.instance.standby.journal.name =
#canal.instance.standby.position =
#canal.instance.standby.timestamp =
#canal.instance.standby.gtid=
# username/password
# 在mysql服务器授权的账号密码
canal.instance.dbUsername=canal
canal.instance.dbPassword=canal
canal.instance.connectionCharset = UTF-8
# enable druid Decrypt database password
canal.instance.enableDruid=false
#canal.instance.pwdPublicKey=MFwwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADSwAwSAJBALK4BUxdDltRRE5/zXpVEVPUgunvscYFtEip3pmLlhrWpacX7y7GCMo2/JM6LeHmiiNdH1FWgGCpUfircSwlWKUCAwEAAQ==
# table regex .*..*表示监听所有表 也可以写具体的表名,用,隔开
canal.instance.filter.regex=.*\\..*
# table black regex mysql 数据解析表的黑名单,多个表用,隔开
canal.instance.filter.black.regex=
# table field filter(format: schema1.tableName1:field1/field2,schema2.tableName2:field1/field2)
#canal.instance.filter.field=test1.t_product:id/subject/keywords,test2.t_company:id/name/contact/ch
# table field black filter(format: schema1.tableName1:field1/field2,schema2.tableName2:field1/field2)
#canal.instance.filter.black.field=test1.t_product:subject/product_image,test2.t_company:id/name/contact/ch
# mq config
canal.mq.topic=example
# dynamic topic route by schema or table regex
#canal.mq.dynamicTopic=mytest1.user,mytest2\\..*,.*\\..*
canal.mq.partition=0
# hash partition config
#canal.mq.partitionsNum=3
#canal.mq.partitionHash=test.table:id^name,.*\\..*
#canal.mq.dynamicTopicPartitionNum=test.*:4,mycanal:6
#################################################
因为我这是在本地windows系统上进行演示的,所以在bin目录下找到startup.bat启动
然后打开logs/canal/canal.log文件,看到内容没有异常信息,说明成功
springboot整合canal
步骤1:引入所需依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.otter</groupId>
<artifactId>canal.client</artifactId>
<version>1.1.3</version>
</dependency>
步骤2:新建一个CanalClient.java类,用来监听mysql
package com.myqxin.controller;
import com.alibaba.otter.canal.client.CanalConnector;
import com.alibaba.otter.canal.client.CanalConnectors;
import com.alibaba.otter.canal.protocol.CanalEntry;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;
import com.alibaba.otter.canal.protocol.Message;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.util.List;
@Component
public class CanalClient implements InitializingBean {
private final static int BATCH_SIZE = 1000;
@Override
public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
CanalConnector connector = CanalConnectors.newSingleConnector(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 11111), "example", "root", "9527");
try {
connector.connect();
connector.subscribe(".*..*");
connector.rollback();
while (true) {
Message message = connector.getWithoutAck(BATCH_SIZE);
long batchId = message.getId();
int size = message.getEntries().size();
if (batchId == -1 || size == 0) {
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} else {
printEntry(message.getEntries());
List<CanalEntry.Entry> entries = message.getEntries();
}
connector.ack(batchId);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
connector.disconnect();
}
}
private static void printEntry(List<CanalEntry.Entry> entrys) {
for (CanalEntry.Entry entry : entrys) {
if (entry.getEntryType() == CanalEntry.EntryType.TRANSACTIONBEGIN || entry.getEntryType() == CanalEntry.EntryType.TRANSACTIONEND) {
continue;
}
CanalEntry.RowChange rowChage;
try {
rowChage = CanalEntry.RowChange.parseFrom(entry.getStoreValue());
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException("ERROR ## parser of eromanga-event has an error , data:" + entry.toString(), e);
}
CanalEntry.EventType eventType = rowChage.getEventType();
if (rowChage.getIsDdl()) {
System.out.println("是DDL语句" + rowChage.getSql());
}
if (eventType == CanalEntry.EventType.INSERT) {
System.out.println("库名:" + entry.getHeader().getSchemaName() + "-- 表名:" + entry.getHeader().getTableName() + "新增数据");
for (CanalEntry.RowData rowData : rowChage.getRowDatasList()) {
printColumn(rowData.getAfterColumnsList());
}
} else if (eventType == CanalEntry.EventType.DELETE) {
System.out.println("库名:" + entry.getHeader().getSchemaName() + "-- 表名:" + entry.getHeader().getTableName() + "删除数据");
for (CanalEntry.RowData rowData : rowChage.getRowDatasList()) {
printColumn(rowData.getBeforeColumnsList());
}
} else if (eventType == CanalEntry.EventType.UPDATE) {
System.out.println("库名:" + entry.getHeader().getSchemaName() + "-- 表名:" + entry.getHeader().getTableName() + "修改数据");
for (CanalEntry.RowData rowData : rowChage.getRowDatasList()) {
printColumn(rowData.getBeforeColumnsList());
printColumn(rowData.getAfterColumnsList());
}
}
}
}
private static void printColumn(List<CanalEntry.Column> columns) {
for (CanalEntry.Column column : columns) {
System.out.println(column.getName() + " : " + column.getValue() + " update=" + column.getUpdated());
}
}
}
这里的内容,ip为你当前服务器的地址,端口为canal服务端口,可以在\canal.deployer-1.1.5\logs\canal\canal.log文件里面看到
example是在\canal.deployer-1.1.5\conf\example\instance.properties文件里面查看
后面两个参数就是你数据库的账号和密码,用root的账号和密码(不使用canal账号)
以上代码只做简单的演示打印,没有业务代码
步骤3:测试
CREATE TABLE `sx_test_a` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`number` varchar(32) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '编号',
`indexes` int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '索引',
`date_time` varchar(32) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '时间',
`monitor_name` varchar(32) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '监测因子',
`monitor_value` varchar(32) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '监测值',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci;
控制台打印如下:
insert into `sx_test_a`(`id`,`number`,`indexes`,`date_time`,`monitor_name`,`monitor_value`) values
(1,'22',11,'2021-10-10','myqxin','23423');
控制台打印如下:
update sx_test_a set monitor_name = '子非我鱼' where id = 1;
控制台打印如下:
delete from sx_test_a
控制台打印如下:
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