Linux小项目-群聊系统

• 项目名称：chat_room群聊系统

• 背景知识与主要技术：
  熟悉Linux基本指令的使用（ls,cd,make,mkdir,top,basename,pwd,cp,mv,rm,touch）
  熟悉linux开发环境，熟练使用vi/vim ,gcc/g++,gdb,make,makefile
  了解网络，熟悉tcp ip udp协议的使用
  熟练掌握C/C++,熟练使用C++STL中的容器
  熟悉套接字编程
  熟悉线程的使用
  熟悉shell脚本的简单编写

• 使用的开源/系统库：
  1.jsoncpp：基于c++的json库实现数据的序列化与反序列化的功能。
  2.ncurses: 控制屏幕终端显示的库，项目中用于实现客户端界面。
  3.pthread：项目中使用该库提供线程支持。

• 主要功能模块：
  1.server模块：基于udp协议完成用户与服务器之间的通信。
  2.comm模块：基于jsoncpp库对通讯数据进行序列化
  3.data_pool模块：基于vector与信号量对数据进行存储
  4.window模块：基于ncurses库实现客户端界面（输入框，输出框，标题，好友列表）
  5.lib模块：项目所需要的动态库
  6.log模块：打印项目的错误信息
  7.client模块：采用上述模块实现界面，与数据的发送与接收。
  8.plugin模块：服务起停与程序编译的控制脚本

• 思想图解

• 

• 主要模块代码

server端

#ifndef _SERVER_H_
#define _SERVER_H_
#include<iostream>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>
#include<arpa/inet.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<map>
#include<string.h>
#include<pthread.h>
#include"data_pool.h"
#include"log.h"
#include"data.h"
using namespace std;
class server
{
public:
    server(string ip,int port);
    int sock_init();
    int recvmsg(string &out);
    int  sendmsg(const struct sockaddr_in &client,const string &in);
    int broadcast();
    void *handler(void *arg);
    void add_online_usr(const struct sockaddr_in *client);
    void del_online_usr(const struct sockaddr_in *client);
    ~server();
private:
    string _ip;
    int _port;
    int _sock;
    map<int,struct sockaddr_in> _onlineusr;
    pool data_pool;
};
#endif

#include"udp_server.h"
server::server(string ip,int port)
    :_ip(ip)
    ,_port(port)
    ,_sock(-1)
    ,data_pool(256)
{}
server::~server()
{
    if(_sock > 0)
        close(_sock);
}
int server::sock_init()
{
    _sock = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM,0);
    if(_sock < 0)
    {
        print_log("socket error",ERROR);
        return -1;
    }
    struct sockaddr_in local;
    local.sin_family = AF_INET;
    local.sin_port = htons(_port);
    local.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(_ip.c_str());
    if(bind(_sock,(struct sockaddr*)&local,sizeof(local)) < 0)
    {
        print_log("bind error",ERROR);
        return -1;
    }
    return 0;
}

int server::recvmsg(string &out)
{

        struct sockaddr_in client;
        char buf[1024];
        socklen_t len = sizeof(client);
        ssize_t s = recvfrom(_sock,buf,sizeof(buf)-1,0,\
                            (struct sockaddr*)&client,&len);
        if(s > 0)//recv success
        {
            buf[s] = 0;
            out = buf;
            data_pool.put_data(out);
            add_online_usr(&client);
            data _data;
            _data.val_to_unserialize(out);
            if(strcasecmp(_data.cmd.c_str(),"QUIT") == 0)
            {
                del_online_usr(&client);
            }
            return 0;
        }
        return -1;
}
int server::sendmsg(const struct sockaddr_in &client,const string &in)
{
    //const char *msg = in.c_str();
    if(sendto(_sock,in.c_str(),in.size(),0,(struct sockaddr*)&client,sizeof(client)))
    {
        return 0;
    }
   return -1;
}
int server::broadcast()
{
    string in;
    data_pool.get_data(in);
    map<int,struct sockaddr_in>::iterator iter = _onlineusr.begin();
    while(iter != _onlineusr.end())
    {

        sendmsg(iter->second,in);
        iter++;
    }
    return 0;
}
void server::add_online_usr(const struct sockaddr_in* client)
{
    _onlineusr.insert(std::pair<int,struct sockaddr_in>(client->sin_addr.s_addr,*client));
}
void server::del_online_usr(const struct sockaddr_in *client)
{
    map<int,struct sockaddr_in>::iterator iter = _onlineusr.find(client->sin_addr.s_addr);
    if(iter == _onlineusr.end())//can not find
    {
        return;
    }
    else
    {
        _onlineusr.erase(iter);
    }

}

#include"udp_server.h"
void *handler(void *arg)
{
    server *ser = (server*)arg;
    while(1)
    {
        ser->broadcast();
    }
}
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
    if(argc != 3)
    {
        std::cout << "Usage :" << argv[0] << "[ip]" << "[port]" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }
    server ser(argv[1],atoi(argv[2]));
    ser.sock_init();
    pthread_t id;
    pthread_create(&id,NULL,handler,(void*)&ser);
    data _data;
    while(1)
    {
        string out;
        ser.recvmsg(out);
        std::cout << "client say#:" << out << std::endl;
    }
}

comm端

#ifndef _JSON_H_
#define _JSON_H_
#include"json/json.h"
#include<string>
int serialize(Json::Value &_v,std::string &str);
int unserialize(Json::Value &_v,std::string &str);
#endif

#include"base_json.h"
int serialize(Json::Value &_v,std::string &str)
{
    Json::StyledWriter _w;
    str = _w.write(_v);
    return 0;
}
int unserialize(Json::Value &_v,std::string &str)
{
    Json::Reader _r;
    if(_r.parse(str,_v,false))
    {
        return 0;
    }
    return -1;
}

#ifndef _DATA_H_
#define _DATA_H_
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include"base_json.h"
class data
{
    public:
        data();
        ~data();
        void val_to_serialize(std::string &str);
        void val_to_unserialize(std::string &str);
    public:
    std::string nick_name;
    std::string school;
    std::string msg;
    std::string cmd;
};
#endif

#include"data.h"
data::data()
{}
data::~data()
{}
void data::val_to_serialize(std::string &str)
{
    Json::Value _v;
    _v["nick_name"] = nick_name;
    _v["school"] = school;
    _v["msg"] = msg;
    _v["cmd"] = cmd;
    serialize(_v,str);
}
void data::val_to_unserialize(std::string &str)
{
    Json::Value _v;
    unserialize(_v,str);
    nick_name = _v["nick_name"].asString();
    school = _v["school"].asString();
    msg = _v["msg"].asString();
    cmd = _v["cmd"].asString();
}
/以下为测试代码
//int main()
//{
//  data d;
//  while(1)
//  {
//
//  std::cin >> d.nick_name;
//  std::cin >> d.school;
//  std::cin >> d.msg ;
//  d.cmd = "";
//  std::string str;
//  d.val_to_serialize(str);
//  std::cout << str << std::endl;
//  d.val_to_unserialize(str);
//  std::cout << d.nick_name << std::endl;
//  std::cout << d.school << std::endl;
//  std::cout << d.msg << std::endl;
//
//  }
//
//  return 0;
//}

window端—界面实现

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<ncurses.h>
class window
{
    public:
    window();
    ~window();
    void create_win(WINDOW *& _win,int _h,int _w,int _y,int _x);
    void create_header();
    void create_output();
    void create_input();
    void create_friends_list();
    void put_str_to_window(WINDOW *_win,int _y,int _x,std::string str);
void get_str_window(WINDOW *_win,std::string &msg);
void fflush(WINDOW *_win);
    public:
    WINDOW * _header;
    WINDOW * _output;
    WINDOW * _input;
    WINDOW * _friends_list;
};

#include"window.h"
window::window()
{
    initscr();
}
window::~window()
{
    delwin(_header);
    delwin(_output);
    delwin(_input);
    delwin(_friends_list);
    endwin();
}
void window::create_win(WINDOW *&_win,int _h,int _w,int _y,int _x)
{
    _win = newwin(_h,_w,_y,_x);
    box(_win,0,0);
}
void window::create_header()
{
    int _h = LINES/5;
    int _w = COLS;
    int _x = 0;
    int _y = 0;
    create_win(_header,_h,_w,_y,_x);
}
void window::create_output()
{
    int _h = (LINES*3)/5;
    int _w = (COLS*3)/4;
    int _x = 0;
    int _y = LINES/5;
    create_win(_output,_h,_w,_y,_x);
}
void window::create_input()
{
    int _h = LINES/5;
    int _w = COLS;
    int _x = 0;
    int _y = (LINES*4)/5;
    create_win(_input,_h,_w,_y,_x);
}
void window::create_friends_list()
{
    int _h = (LINES*3)/5;
    int _w = COLS/4;
    int _x = (COLS*3)/4;
    int _y = LINES/5;
    create_win(_friends_list,_h,_w,_y,_x);
}
void window::put_str_to_window(WINDOW *_win,int _y,int _x,std::string str)
{
    mvwaddstr(_win,_y,_x,str.c_str());
}
void window::get_str_window(WINDOW *_win,std::string &msg)
{
    char buf[1024];
    wgetnstr(_win,buf,sizeof(buf));
    msg = buf;
}
void window::fflush(WINDOW *_win)
{
    wrefresh(_win);
}
//以下为本模块测试代码
//int main()
//{
//  window win;
//  win.create_header();
//  wrefresh(win._header);
//  usleep(2000000);
//  win.create_output();
//  wrefresh(win._output);
//  usleep(2000000);
//  win.create_friends_list();
//  wrefresh(win._friends_list);
//  usleep(2000000);
//  win.create_input();
//  std::string str = "Please Entry#";
//  mvwaddstr(win._input,1,1,str.c_str());
//  wrefresh(win._input);
//  usleep(2000000);
//  int j = 1;
//  int _y;
//  int _x;
//  while(1)
//  {
//      std::string str = "Welcome to chat_room!";
//      win.create_header();
//      mvwaddstr(win._header,1,j++,str.c_str());
//      if(str.size() >= _x-j-1)
//          j = 1;
//      wrefresh(win._header);
//      getmaxyx(win._header,_y,_x);
//      j%=(_x-1);
//      wclrtoeol(win._header);
//      usleep(100000);
//      
//  }
//  int i = 1;
//  int y;
//  int x;
//  while(1)
//  {
//      std::string str = "Please Entry#";
//      mvwaddstr(win._output,i++,1,str.c_str());
//      wrefresh(win._output);
//      getmaxyx(win._output,y,x);
//      i%=(y-1);
//      if(i == 0)
//      {
//          i = 1;
//          wclrtoeol(win._output);
//          win.create_output();
//
//      }
//      usleep(1000000);
//  }
//
//  return 0;
//}

client端

#ifndef _CLIENT_H_
#define _CLIENT_H_
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<string.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>
#include<arpa/inet.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include"window.h"
#include"data.h"
#include"log.h"
#include<vector>
#include<signal.h>
using namespace std;
class client
{
public:
    client(string ip,int port);
    ~client();
    int sock_init();
    int recvmsg(string &out);
    int  sendmsg(const string &out);
private:
    string _ip;
    int _port;
    int _sock;
    //map<int struct sockaddr_in> _onlineusr;
};
#endif

#include"udp_client.h"
client::client(string ip,int port)
    :_ip(ip)
    ,_port(port)
    ,_sock(-1)
{}
client::~client()
{
    if(_sock > 0)
        close(_sock);
}
int client::sock_init()
{
    _sock = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM,0);
    if(_sock < 0)
    {
        print_log("socket error",ERROR);
        return -1;
    }
    return 0;
}
int client::recvmsg(string &out)
{
        struct sockaddr_in peer;
        socklen_t len = sizeof(peer);
        char buf[1024];
        ssize_t s = recvfrom(_sock,buf,sizeof(buf)-1,0,\
                            (struct sockaddr*)&peer,&len);
        if(s > 0)//recv success
        {
            buf[s] = 0;
            out = buf;
            return 0;
        }
        return -1;
}
int client::sendmsg(const string &in)
{
    struct sockaddr_in peer;
    peer.sin_family = AF_INET;
    peer.sin_port = htons(_port);
    peer.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(_ip.c_str());
    if(sendto(_sock,in.c_str(),in.size(),0,(struct sockaddr*)&peer,sizeof(peer)))
    {
        return 0;
    }
   return -1;
}

#include"udp_client.h"
string name;
string school;
client *pcli;
vector<string> flist;
int flag = 1;
typedef struct win_cli
{
    client *_cli;
    window *_win;
} win_cli,*pwin_cli;
void add_user(string friends)
{
    int i = 0;
    for(; i < flist.size();++i)
    {
        if(flist[i] == friends)
        {
            flag = 0;
            return;
        }
    }
    flist.push_back(friends);
    flag = 1;
}
void del_user(string friends)
{
    vector<string>::iterator iter = flist.begin();
    while(iter != flist.end())
    {
        if(*iter == friends)
        {
            iter = flist.erase(iter);
            flag = 1;
            break;
        }
        iter++;
    }
}
void quit(int sig)
{
    data _data;
    _data.nick_name = name;
    _data.school = school;
    _data.msg = "";
    _data.cmd = "QUIT";
    string in;
    _data.val_to_serialize(in);
    pcli->sendmsg(in);
    endwin();
    exit(0);
}
void *show_header(void *arg)
{
    pwin_cli wc = (pwin_cli)arg;
    window *win = wc->_win;
    int j = 1;
    int _y;
    int _x;
    while(1)
    {
        string str = "Welcome to chat_room!";
        win->create_header();
        mvwaddstr(win->_header,1,j++,str.c_str());
        if(str.size() >= _x-j-1)
            j = 1;
        wrefresh(win->_header);
        getmaxyx(win->_header,_y,_x);
        j%=(_x-1);
        wclrtoeol(win->_header);
        usleep(100000);

    }
}
void *show_output(void *arg)
{
    pwin_cli wc = (pwin_cli)arg;
    client *cli = wc->_cli;
    window *win = wc->_win;
    int i = 1;
    int j = 1;
    int y;
    int x;
    int fy;
    int fx;
    win->create_output();
    wrefresh(win->_output);
    win->create_friends_list();
    wrefresh(win->_friends_list);
    string out;
    string friends;
    data _d;
    string str;
    while(1)
    {
        cli->recvmsg(out);
        _d.val_to_unserialize(out);
        str=_d.nick_name;
        str+="-";
        str+=_d.school;
        friends = str;
        str+="#";
        str+=_d.msg;
        if(strcmp(_d.cmd.c_str(),"QUIT") == 0)
        {
            del_user(friends);
            wclrtoeol(win->_friends_list);
            wrefresh(win->_friends_list);
            win->create_friends_list();
            wrefresh(win->_friends_list);
        }
        else
        {
            win->put_str_to_window(win->_output,i++,1,str);
            wrefresh(win->_output);
            add_user(friends);
            getmaxyx(win->_output,y,x);
            i%=(y-1);
            if(i == 0)
            {
                i = 1;
                wclrtoeol(win->_output);
                win->create_output();
                wrefresh(win->_output);
            }
        }
            if(flag)
            {
                int k = 0;
                getmaxyx(win->_friends_list,fy,fx);
                for(; k < flist.size();++k)
                {
                    mvwaddstr(win->_friends_list,j++,1,flist[k].c_str());
                    wrefresh(win->_friends_list);
                    j %= (fy-1);
                    if(j == 0)
                    {
                        j = 1;
                        wclrtoeol(win->_friends_list);
                        wrefresh(win->_friends_list);
                        win->create_friends_list();
                        wrefresh(win->_friends_list);
                    }
                }
                j = 1;
        }


    }
}
void *show_input(void *arg)
{
    pwin_cli wc = (pwin_cli)arg;
    client *cli = wc->_cli;
    window *win = wc->_win;
    data _data;
    _data.nick_name = name;
    _data.school = school;
    while(1){
        win->create_input();
        wrefresh(win->_input);
        string ptr = "Please Entry#";
        mvwaddstr(win->_input,1,1,ptr.c_str());
        wrefresh(win->_input);
        win->get_str_window(win->_input,_data.msg);
        wrefresh(win->_input);
        _data.cmd = "";
        string in;
        _data.val_to_serialize(in);
        cli->sendmsg(in);
    }
}
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
    if(argc != 3)
    {
        cout << "Usage :" << argv[0] << "[ip]" << "[port]" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }
    client cli(argv[1],atoi(argv[2]));
    cout << "Please Enteryour nick_name#";
    cin >> name;
    cout << "Please Enter your school#";
    cin >> school;
    cli.sock_init();
    window win;
    win_cli _wc = {&cli,&win};
    pcli = &cli;
    signal(2,quit);
    pthread_t header;
    pthread_t output;
    pthread_t input;
    pthread_create(&input,NULL,show_input,(void*)&_wc);
    pthread_create(&header,NULL,show_header,(void*)&_wc);
    pthread_create(&output,NULL,show_output,(void*)&_wc);
    pthread_join(header,NULL);
    pthread_join(output,NULL);
    pthread_join(input,NULL);

}
//以下为本模块测试代码
//int main(int argc,char *argv[])
//{
//  if(argc != 3)
//  {
//      cout << "Usage :" << argv[0] << "[ip]" << "[port]" << std::endl;
//      return -1;
//  }
//  client cli(argv[1],atoi(argv[2]));
//  cli.sock_init();
//    data _data;
//  cout << "Please Enteryour nick_name#";
//      cin >> _data.nick_name;
//      cout << "Please Enter your school#";
//      cin >> _data.school;
//  while(1)
//  {
//      cout << "please input*";
//      cin >> _data.msg;
//      _data.cmd = "";
//      string in;
//      _data.val_to_serialize(in);
//      cli.sendmsg(in);
//      string out;
//      cli.recvmsg(out);
//      cout << "out:" << out << endl;
//      _data.val_to_unserialize(out);
//      string str;
//          str+=_data.nick_name;
//          str+="-";
//  str+=_data.school;
//  str+="# ";
//  str+=_data.msg;
//      cout << str << endl;
//
//  }
//}

makefile编写

ROOT=$(shell pwd)
LOG=${ROOT}/log
POOL=${ROOT}/data_pool
SERVER=${ROOT}/server
CLIENT=${ROOT}/client
SERVER_BIN=chat_system
CLIENT_BIN=chat_client
BIN=${ROOT}/lib
DATA=${ROOT}/comm
WINDOW=${ROOT}/window
CONF=${ROOT}/conf
PLUGIN=${ROOT}/plugin
INCLUDE=-I$(LOG) -I$(POOL) -I$(BIN)/include -I$(DATA) -I$(WINDOW)
SERVER_OBJ=$(shell ls $(SERVER)/ | grep -E '\.cpp$$' | sed 's/\.cpp/\.o/')
SERVER_OBJ+=$(shell ls $(LOG)/ | grep -E '\.cpp$$' | sed 's/\.cpp/\.o/')
SERVER_OBJ+=$(shell ls $(DATA)/ | grep -E '\.cpp$$' | sed 's/\.cpp/\.o/')
SERVER_OBJ+=$(shell ls $(POOL)/ | grep -E '\.cpp$$' | sed 's/\.cpp/\.o/')
CLIENT_OBJ=$(shell ls $(CLIENT)/ | grep -E '\.cpp$$' | sed 's/\.cpp/\.o/')
CLIENT_OBJ+=$(shell ls $(LOG)/ | grep -E '\.cpp$$' | sed 's/\.cpp/\.o/')
CLIENT_OBJ+=$(shell ls $(DATA)/ | grep -E '\.cpp$$' | sed 's/\.cpp/\.o/')
CLIENT_OBJ+=$(shell ls $(WINDOW)/ | grep -E '\.cpp$$' | sed 's/\.cpp/\.o/')
cc=g++
FLAGS=-lpthread
.PHONY:all
all:${SERVER_BIN} ${CLIENT_BIN}

${SERVER_BIN}:${SERVER_OBJ}
    @${cc} -o $@ $^ $(FLAGS) -L$(BIN)/lib -ljsoncpp
    @echo "linking [$^] [$@] ....done"

${CLIENT_BIN}:${CLIENT_OBJ}
    @${cc} -o $@ $^ -L$(BIN)/lib -ljsoncpp -lncurses
    @echo "linking [$^] [$@] ....done"

%.o:$(SERVER)/%.cpp
    @$(cc) -c $< $(INCLUDE)
    @echo "comping  [$^] [$@] ....done"

%.o:$(LOG)/%.cpp
    @$(cc) -c $< 
    @echo "comping  [$^] [$@] ....done"

%.o:$(POOL)/%.cpp
    @$(cc) -c $< $(INCLUDE) 
    @echo "comping  [$^] [$@] ....done"

%.o:$(CLIENT)/%.cpp
    @$(cc) -c $< $(INCLUDE)
    @echo "comping  [$^] [$@] ....done"
%.o:$(DATA)/%.cpp
    @$(cc) -c $< $(INCLUDE)
    @echo "comping  [$^] [$@] ....done"
%.o:$(WINDOW)/%.cpp
    @$(cc) -c $< $(INCLUDE)
    @echo "comping  [$^] [$@] ....done"
.PHONY:output
output:
    @mkdir -p outut/server
    @mkdir -p output/server/log
    @mkdir -p output/client
    @cp $(SERVER_BIN) output/server/
    @cp $(CLIENT_BIN) output/client/
    @cp $(PLUGIN)/ctl_server.sh  output/server/
    @cp -rf $(CONF) output/server
.PHONY:clean
clean:
    @rm -rf *.o $(SERVER_BIN) $(CLIENT_BIN) output

成果展示