linux操作系统发行版_Linux操作系统和发行版

2023-10-26

linux操作系统发行版

Newcomers to Linux world generally confuse or no idea about distributions. We call generally the operating system as Linux but actually Linux is just a kernel. So why we call all of them Linux because kernel is very important and without Linux kernel the distributions can not be exists. But reverse Linux can exist without distributions.

Linux世界的新手通常对发行版感到困惑或不了解。我们通常将操作系统称为Linux，但实际上Linux只是一个内核。那么为什么我们都将它们称为Linux，因为内核非常重要，没有Linux内核，分布就不可能存在。但是反向Linux可以不经发行而存在。

Linux内核 (Linux Kernel)

The Linux project is started as a kernel or low-level operating system. The student named Linus Torvalds started as a hobby and put his code into the internet for others to look, use or provide. This call fired a project where hackers all over the world to start contributing to the Linux project.

Linux项目是作为内核或低级操作系统启动的。名为Linus Torvalds的学生最初是一个业余爱好，并将其代码放入互联网供他人查看，使用或提供。这个电话激发了一个项目，全世界的黑客开始为Linux项目做贡献。

Linux Kernel provides operating system-level features and user-level tools, applications are provided by different communities, projects or corporates. Linux kernel provides following operating system features.

Linux内核提供了操作系统级别的功能和用户级别的工具，应用程序由不同的社区，项目或公司提供。 Linux内核提供以下操作系统功能。

Memory management
内存管理
Hardware Access
硬件访问
File system management
文件系统管理
Network Device management
网络设备管理
Disk Drive Management
磁盘驱动器管理
Process Management
流程管理
User rights and privileges
用户权限
Peripheral like USB, Firewire management
外围设备，例如USB，火线管理
…
…

And Linux kernel does not provide following tools, applications, and features.

而且Linux内核不提供以下工具，应用程序和功能。

Browser like Chrome, Firefox
浏览器，例如Chrome，Firefox
File manager
文件管理器
GUI Desktop
GUI桌面
Daemons or services
守护程序或服务
Graphic design
平面设计
Games
游戏类
…
…

Linux发行版 (Linux Distribution)

Distributions provides user level tools, desktop environments, packages, graphic arts etc.

发行版提供用户级别的工具，桌面环境，程序包，图形艺术等。

There are a lot of distributions in the wild. There is no exact count but over 300. Very little of them are very popular like Ubuntu, Debian, Fedora, Suse, CentOS, etc.

在野外有很多分布。没有确切的数目，但有300多个。其中很少有人像Ubuntu，Debian，Fedora，Suse，CentOS等那样受欢迎。

Distributions can base other distributions to make things better for them. For example, Ubuntu uses Debian as upstream distribution and get most of the packages from Debian. This gives Ubuntu less workload but some dependency on Debian. Also, Mint distribution uses Ubuntu as base. As you see the relationship between distributions is not so simple.

发行版可以使其他发行版更完善。例如，Ubuntu使用Debian作为上游发行版，并从Debian获取大多数软件包。这给Ubuntu带来了更少的工作量，但是对Debian有所依赖。而且，Mint发行版使用Ubuntu作为基础。如您所见，分布之间的关系不是那么简单。

LEARN MORE Operating Systems List

了解更多操作系统列表

Distributions have some motivation like being fast, being eye candy, being the latest version, being easy to use, etc. This motivation makes them different. Almost all of them uses the same software.

分发具有一些动机，例如快速，令人眼花candy乱，是最新版本，易于使用等。这种动机使它们与众不同。他们几乎都使用相同的软件。

More about different distributions can get from DistroWatch

可以从DistroWatch获得更多有关不同发行版的信息

翻译自: https://www.poftut.com/linux-os-and-distributions/

linux操作系统发行版

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