NAME
du - estimate file space usage
估计文件空间使用情况
SYNOPSIS
du [OPTION]… [FILE]…
du [OPTION]… --files0-from=F
DESCRIPTION
Summarize disk usage of the set of FILEs, recursively for directories.
递归地总结一组文件的磁盘使用情况。（du命令的对象是目录）
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
长期权的强制参数对于短期权也是强制参数。
-0, --null
end each output line with NUL, not newline
用NUL结束每个输出行，而不是换行
-a, --all
write counts for all files, not just directories
递归式写计数的所有文件，不只是目录
可见如果只是du则递归查询当前所有目录的大小
如果指定-a，则也也递归查询所有文件大小
--apparent-size
print apparent sizes, rather than disk usage; although the apparent size is usually smaller, it may be larger due to holes in ('sparse') files, internal fragmentation, indirect blocks, and the like
-B, --block-size=SIZE
scale sizes by SIZE before printing them; e.g., '-BM' prints sizes in units of 1,048,576 bytes; see SIZE format below
-b, --bytes
equivalent to '--apparent-size --block-size=1'
内存单位为字节
-k like --block-size=1K
-m like --block-size=1M
-c, --total
produce a grand total
合计 打印多了一个total
-D, --dereference-args
dereference only symlinks that are listed on the command line
-d, --max-depth=N
print the total for a directory (or file, with --all) only if it is N or fewer levels below the command line argument; --max-depth=0 is the same as --summarize
仅当目录(或文件)在命令行参数以下N个或更少的级别时，才打印目录(或文件)的total;——max-depth=0等于——summary
只打印第一级目录
--files0-from=F
summarize disk usage of the NUL-terminated file names specified in file F; if F is -, then read names from standard input
-H equivalent to --dereference-args (-D)
-h, --human-readable
print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
以人类可读格式列印尺寸(例如1K 234M 2G)
–inodes
list inode usage information instead of block usage
-L, --dereference
dereference all symbolic links
-l, --count-links
count sizes many times if hard linked
-P, --no-dereference
don't follow any symbolic links (this is the default)
-S, --separate-dirs
for directories do not include size of subdirectories
--si like -h, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
-s, --summarize
display only a total for each argument
只显示每个参数的总数
显示当前目录下各个文件大小（包括目录和文件夹）
-t, --threshold=SIZE
exclude entries smaller than SIZE if positive, or entries greater than SIZE if negative
--time show time of the last modification of any file in the directory, or any of its subdirectories
--time=WORD
show time as WORD instead of modification time: atime, access, use, ctime or status
--time-style=STYLE
show times using STYLE, which can be: full-iso, long-iso, iso, or +FORMAT; FORMAT is interpreted like in 'date'
-X, --exclude-from=FILE
exclude files that match any pattern in FILE
--exclude=PATTERN
exclude files that match PATTERN
-x, --one-file-system
skip directories on different file systems
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit
Display values are in units of the first available SIZE from --block-size, and the DU_BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE and BLOCKSIZE environment variables. Otherwise, units default to 1024 bytes (or 512 if POSIXLY_CORRECT is set).
The SIZE argument is an integer and optional unit (example: 10K is 10*1024). Units are K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y (powers of 1024) or KB,MB,... (powers of 1000).
PATTERNS
PATTERN is a shell pattern (not a regular expression). The pattern ? matches any one character, whereas * matches any string (composed of zero, one or multiple characters). For example, *.o will match any files whose names
end in .o. Therefore, the command
du --exclude='*.o'
will skip all files and subdirectories ending in .o (including the file .o itself).
df - report file system disk space usage
报告文件系统磁盘空间使用情况
SYNOPSIS
df [OPTION]… [FILE]…
DESCRIPTION
This manual page documents the GNU version of df. df displays the amount of disk space available on the file system containing each file name argument. If no file name is given, the space available on all currently mounted
file systems is shown. Disk space is shown in 1K blocks by default, unless the environment variable POSIXLY_CORRECT is set, in which case 512-byte blocks are used.
此手册页记录了df的GNU版本。df显示包含每个文件名参数的文件系统上可用的磁盘空间量。如果没有指定文件名，则当前挂载的所有文件上的可用空间
显示了文件系统。磁盘空间默认显示为1K块，除非设置了环境变量POSIXLY_CORRECT，在这种情况下使用512字节的块。
df命令用于显示磁盘分区上的可使用的磁盘空间。默认显示单位为KB。可以利用该命令来获取硬盘被占用了多少空间，目前还剩下多少空间等信息
If an argument is the absolute file name of a disk device node containing a mounted file system, df shows the space available on that file system rather than on the file system containing the device node. This version of df
cannot show the space available on unmounted file systems, because on most kinds of systems doing so requires very nonportable intimate knowledge of file system structures.
OPTIONS
Show information about the file system on which each FILE resides, or all file systems by default.
显示每个文件所在的文件系统的信息，默认情况下显示所有文件系统的信息。
没有指定挂载点时，显示所有挂载点的文件系统：
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
-a, --all
include pseudo, duplicate, inaccessible file systems
包括伪、复制、不可访问的文件系统
-B, --block-size=SIZE
scale sizes by SIZE before printing them; e.g., ‘-BM’ prints sizes in units of 1,048,576 bytes; see SIZE format below
-h, --human-readable
print sizes in powers of 1024 (e.g., 1023M)
列印尺寸以1024倍(例如1023M)为单位
-H, --si
print sizes in powers of 1000 (e.g., 1.1G)
列印尺寸(例如1.1G)
-i, --inodes
list inode information instead of block usage
-k like --block-size=1K
-l, --local
limit listing to local file systems
--no-sync
do not invoke sync before getting usage info (default)
--output[=FIELD_LIST]
use the output format defined by FIELD_LIST, or print all fields if FIELD_LIST is omitted.
-P, --portability
use the POSIX output format
--sync invoke sync before getting usage info
--total
elide all entries insignificant to available space, and produce a grand total
-t, --type=TYPE
limit listing to file systems of type TYPE
-T, --print-type
print file system type
-x, --exclude-type=TYPE
limit listing to file systems not of type TYPE
-v (ignored)
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit
Display values are in units of the first available SIZE from --block-size, and the DF_BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE and BLOCKSIZE environment variables. Otherwise, units default to 1024 bytes (or 512 if POSIXLY_CORRECT is set).
The SIZE argument is an integer and optional unit (example: 10K is 10*1024). Units are K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y (powers of 1024) or KB,MB,... (powers of 1000).
FIELD_LIST is a comma-separated list of columns to be included. Valid field names are: 'source', 'fstype', 'itotal', 'iused', 'iavail', 'ipcent', 'size', 'used', 'avail', 'pcent', 'file' and 'target' (see info page).