干式真空泵原理
If you ever plan to mount something to the wall that’s even remotely heavy, you’ll need to use drywall anchors if a stud isn’t available. Here are the different types of drywall anchors, and how to use each one.
如果您打算将甚至更重的东西安装到墙上，如果没有螺柱，则需要使用干墙锚。 以下是干式墙锚的不同类型，以及如何使用每一种。
什么是石膏板锚？ (What Exactly Are Drywall Anchors?)
Ideally, you want to hang heavy things from your walls by using the studs as the anchor. However, this isn’t always possible, especially if there’s an exact location you want something hung and there’s not a stud behind it.
理想情况下，您想使用双头螺栓作为锚点将重物悬挂在墙上。 但是，这并不总是可能的，特别是如果有一个确切的位置，您想挂东西，并且后面没有钉子。
Unfortunately, if you were to just drive a screw into drywall, the brittleness of the drywall material wouldn’t allow the threads of the screw to fully bite into the drywall, making the holding strength of the screw pretty weak overall.
不幸的是，如果您只是将螺钉打入干墙，那么干墙材料的脆性将不允许螺钉的螺纹完全咬入干墙，从而使螺钉的整体固定强度相当弱。
This is where drywall anchors can save the day. A drywall anchor goes between the screw and the drywall, biting into the drywall much more effectively than a screw would. Then, you screw into the anchor, so everything stays in place.
这是石膏板锚可以节省一天的地方。 干墙锚在螺钉和干墙之间，比螺钉更有效地咬入干墙。 然后，拧入锚钉，以便一切都保持在原位。
Depending on what you’re hanging or mounting, you may want to use a specific kind of drywall anchor, and there are several to choose from.
根据您要悬挂或安装的物品，您可能需要使用特定类型的干墙锚，并且有多种选择。
你需要什么 (What You Need)
Before we get started, though, there are a few tools you’ll need, most of which you probably already have:
不过，在开始之前，您需要一些工具，其中大多数可能已经具备：
- A hammer 一个锤子
- A power drill and full drill bit set电钻和完整的钻头套装
- Drywall anchors石膏板锚
Make absolutely sure you get a drill bit set and not just one or two drill bits. You need the different sizes since drywall anchors come in all different shapes and sizes.
绝对要确保您设置了一个钻头，而不仅仅是一个或两个钻头。 由于干墙锚具有各种不同的形状和尺寸，因此您需要不同的尺寸。
With that all out of the way, let’s get started!
至此，让我们开始吧！
膨胀锚 (Expansion Anchors)
These types of anchors are the most common, and when you think of drywall anchors, you probably think of these. They’re small little plastic anchors that are fairly basic, and you’ll see them included in most shelf kits that you can buy at the store.
这些类型的锚是最常见的，当您想到干墙锚时，您可能会想到这些。 它们是很小的塑料小锚，非常基本，您会在大多数商店的货架套件中看到它们，您可以在商店购买。
They’re called expansion anchors because when you drive in the a screw, they expand and push against the drywall in order to bite into it. They’re not the best type to use, since they’re not able to hold a whole lot of weight (maybe 10 to 20 pounds at most), but they’re great for heavier picture frames and small shelves. Anchors will sometimes list the holding strength maximum on the packaging, but if not, it’s best to play it safe and go with a stronger anchor (like the ones discussed below) if you’re unsure.
它们之所以称为膨胀锚，是因为当您拧入螺钉时，它们会膨胀并推向干墙以便咬入其中。 它们不是最好的使用类型，因为它们不能承受很大的重量(最多10到20磅)，但是它们对于较重的相框和小型架子非常有用。 锚有时会在包装上列出最大的保持强度，但如果不是这样，最好在不确定的情况下安全使用并选择结实的锚(例如下面讨论的锚)。
In any case, to use an expansion anchor, start by drilling a hole in the drywall that’s roughly the same diameter as the anchor.
无论如何，要使用膨胀锚，首先要在干壁上钻一个与锚直径大致相同的Kong。
After that, gently hammer the anchor into the wall. This is where you’ll find out of the hole you drilled is either too big or too small. You want the anchor to go in fairly smoothly with a bit of resistance, but you don’t want to be fighting with it to get it to go in.
之后，轻轻将锚钉锤击入墙壁。 在这里，您会发现钻出的Kong太大或太小。 您希望锚点在阻力下相当平稳地进入，但是您不想与它战斗以使其进入。
Hammer the anchor in until it’s flush with the wall.
锤入锚钉，直到与墙齐平。
Next, take your screw and begin driving it into the anchor. Make sure to position your shelf (or whatever you’re mounting) up to where you want it and then drive in the screw. However, if you’re just hanging a mirror or a picture frame, you can drive the screw in by itself and hang the mirror afterward. Stop driving when the screw becomes snug.
接下来，拧下螺丝，然后开始将其拧入锚固件中。 确保将搁板(或要安装的任何物品)放置在所需位置，然后拧入螺钉。 但是，如果您只是悬挂镜子或相框，则可以自己拧入螺丝，然后再悬挂镜子。 当螺丝紧贴时，停止驱动。
This is what the anchor looks like on the other side. As you can see, the anchor expanded quite a bit in order to create a snug fit for the screw.
这是锚在另一侧的外观。 如您所见，为了使螺钉紧密贴合，锚固件扩展了很多。
螺纹锚 (Threaded Anchors)
Sometimes called Zip-Its, threaded anchors are kind of like larger screws. They come with much larger threads than screws do, allowing them to really bite into the drywall and create a pretty nice hold.
有时也称为Zip-Its，带螺纹的锚有点像较大的螺钉。 它们带有比螺丝大得多的螺纹，使它们能够真正咬入干墙并形成很好的保持力。
However, they only have a little bit more holding power than expansion anchors, so they should still only be used for light duty applications. However, I think they’re a bit easier to install.
但是，它们的膨胀力仅比膨胀锚小一点，因此它们仍应仅用于轻型应用。 但是，我认为它们安装起来更容易一些。
Start by drilling a hole about the size of the tip of the threaded anchor. Then, take your power drill and drive the threaded anchor into the drywall just like you would with a normal screw.
首先钻一个与螺纹锚的尖端大小差不多的Kong。 然后，像使用普通螺钉一样，用电钻将带螺纹的锚钉打入干墙。
As with the expansion anchor, drive it in until it sits flush with the drywall.
与扩展锚一样，将其推入直到其与干墙齐平。
Next, take your screw and drive it into the anchor, stopping when it feels snug. This is what it looks like on the other side. Sometimes the tip will break off entirely, sometimes not.
接下来，拧下螺丝并将其拧入锚固器，直到感觉到紧贴时停止。 这是另一面的样子。 有时笔尖会完全折断，有时不会折断。
莫莉螺栓 (Molly Bolts)
Now we’re getting into the really strong drywall anchors, and these are ones that you can use on pretty much any material—not just drywall. So if you have a concrete wall that you want to mount something on, you can use these to get the job done.
现在，我们进入了真正坚固的干式墙锚，这些锚可以在几乎所有材料上使用，而不仅仅是干式墙。 因此，如果您要在其上安装混凝土墙，则可以使用它们来完成工作。
Molly bolts are easy to install, but you also need to make sure that you get the right size for the thickness of your wall. You’ll see why in a minute.
莫莉螺栓易于安装，但您还需要确保获得适合壁厚的正确尺寸。 一分钟后，您就会明白为什么。
To install one of these, drill a hole with the same diameter as the molly bolt. Then hammer it in until it sits flush with the wall. Some molly bolts have teeth on the head that dig into the drywall, so make sure that you hammer it in all the way so that these teeth can do their job.
要安装其中之一，请钻一个直径与莫利螺栓相同的Kong。 然后将其锤入，直至与墙齐平。 有些molly螺栓的头部上有齿，这些齿会钻入干墙，因此请确保将其完全锤打，以使这些齿能够发挥作用。
Next, unscrew the screw that’s pre-installed onto the molly bolt until it’s completely out.
接下来，松开预先安装在molly螺栓上的螺钉，直到完全拧出为止。
When you’re ready to mount or hang something, re-install the screw by driving it back in. You’ll feel a little resistance at first, but that’s just the molly bolt mechanism slowly tightening down. Stop when you’re met with even more resistance and snugness.
当您准备安装或悬挂某些东西时，请通过将其重新拧入来重新安装该螺钉。开始时您会感到有点阻力，但这只是molly螺栓装置慢慢拧紧的原因。 当遇到更多的阻力和舒适感时，请停下来。
Here’s what the other side looks like. As you can see, this molly bolt is too big for my 1/2-inch drywall, as those four little wings should be pressed up against the wall in order to create that strong hold. So make sure you get the right size molly bolts when you’re at the store. If you’re unsure, just ask an employee for help.
这是另一面的样子。 如您所见，对于我的1/2英寸干式墙来说，该螺栓非常大，因为应该将这四个小翼向上压靠在墙上，以形成牢固的支撑。 因此，在商店时，请确保获得正确尺寸的molly螺栓。 如果不确定，请向员工寻求帮助。
拨动螺栓 (Toggle Bolts)
Toggle bolts are pretty much the strongest wall anchors you can buy, but they’re vastly different when it comes to installing them.
肘节螺栓几乎是您可以买到的最坚固的墙锚，但安装时却大不相同。
First, start by drilling a hole that’s big enough for the toggle to squeeze through when it’s folded down. In most cases, this hole will be large enough for the head of the screw to fall through, so these are really only good for mounting shelves or other items where they can act as a washer of sorts and stop the screw from going all the way through.
首先，首先钻一个Kong，该Kong足够大，以使肘节折叠后能穿过肘节。 在大多数情况下，此Kong的大小足以使螺钉的头部掉落，因此，这些Kong仅适合于安装架子或其他可以用作垫圈的物品，并可以阻止螺钉完全穿过通过。
You’ll also want to make sure that you feed the toggle bolt onto the item you’re mounting first by unscrewing the toggle from the screw, feeding the screw through the shelf mounting hole, and then screwing the toggle back on. From there, fold down the toggle and feed it through the hole you drilled in the wall (as pictured above). Once inside the wall, the toggle will spring back open.
您还需要确保先从螺钉上拧下肘节，将螺丝穿过架子安装Kong，然后再拧回肘节，然后将肘节螺栓馈送到要安装的物品上。 从那里向下折叠肘节开关，并将其穿过您在墙上钻的Kong(如上图所示)。 进入墙壁后，肘节将弹回打开。
From there, begin screwing down the bolt. You’ll need to pull gently on the bolt as you’re screwing it in to prevent the toggle from spinning around with the bolt. You may need a second pair of hands to help you with this.
从那里开始拧紧螺栓。 拧入螺栓时，您需要轻轻地拉动螺栓，以防止肘节随螺栓旋转。 您可能需要另外两只手来帮助您。
Tighten it down until it’s snug and you’ll be ready to go. Pictured above is what the other side looks like, and you’ll notice that the toggle is pressed firmly against the drywall to hold the bolt in place.
将其拧紧，直到贴合为止，您就可以开始使用。 上图是另一面的样子，您会注意到，将拨动开关牢牢地压在石膏板上以将螺栓固定到位。
翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/319669/how-to-install-drywall-anchors-to-hang-heavy-stuff-on-your-walls/
干式真空泵原理
